REL1300 Midterm Study Guide General Terms Baptists Christians who believe that baptisms should only be performed on those that are professing believers and must be done by complete immersion Caliph islam from the arabic khalifah one who represents or acts on behalf of another The caliph was the prophet s successor as the head of the muslim community the position became institutionalized in the form of the caliphate which lasted from 632 to 1924 7th day Adventists protestant Christians that have Sabbath on Saturday and believe there is an imminent second coming of jesus christ Temple jewish structure reserved for religious and spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites Sevener shi ism islam schism of Shi is that insist Isma il s son Ahmad was the 7th descendant and have a divine mandate of the Imam following his temporal and religious authority into an impressive esoteric system of prophetology Yeshiva jewish education available to all males required to become a rabbi Synagogue jewish from the greek meaning assembly or gathering the local place of congregational worship which became central to Judaism after the deconstruction of the Jerusalem temple Ashura islam anniversary of Husayns death commemorated on the 10th day of the month of Muharran blends sorrow blessing and mystery observed by Shi I as a day of suffering and martyrdom Iconoclast controversy Christian a dispute over the use of religious icons in the byzantine empire in the 8th and 9th centuries Calvinism Christian reformation movement ledy by John Calvin god is abosolutely sovereign initiating all actions both creating and redeeming the world Humans are dependent on divine grace and are utterly sinful and powerless to achieve salvation and the sovereign god who is both omniscient and omnipotent predestines every person to either salvation or damnation Church Christian building used for religious activities particularly worship services Council of Nicea Christian council of bishops convened in Nicea settling Christological issues of the son of god and his relationship with god the father establishing easter and canon law Eucharist christian the ritual re enactment of jesus sacrifice of himself patterned after his sharing of bread and wine as his body and blood at the final Passover meal with his disciples orthodox Christians term it the liturgy catholics the mass and protestants the lord s supper or holy communion Hanif islam pious ones a group of pre islamic arabs who shared the ethical monotheism of jews and christians Abbasid Umayyad dynasty islam dynasty descended from Muhammad s youngest uncle Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalib who ruled as caliphs in Iraq Excommunication Christianity formal expulsion from the church particularly the roman catholic church for doctrineal error of moral misconduct Orthodox Judaism jewish judaism which adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the torah as legislated in Talmudic texts Incarnation christianity the embodiment of the divine in human form Hasidism jewish pious ones the mystically inclined followers of the baal shem tov in eighteenth century Poland and their descendants Jewish mysticism following of ancient hidden esoteric traditions of the torah Fiqh christian jurisprudence or the theoretical principles underpinning the specific regulations contained in the shari ah Imam islam worship leader chosen by god that are examples of faith free of sin Sunni muslims islam muslims who trace succession to the prophet s authority through the caliphate which lasted until the twentieth century the larger of the two main divisions of islam accounting for about five sixths of all muslims today Ramadan islam the month thoughout which muslims fast during daylight hours Isnad islam the pedigree or chain of transmission of a hadith with which the individual unit begins Yom kippur jewish the day of atonement ten days after rosh Hashanah the day for the most solemn reflection and self examination Jihad islam struggle in defense of the faith some jihads are military waged in response to threats to the community s security or welfare others are spiritual waged to improve moral conduct in society Diaspora jewish dispersal the Jewish world outside the land of ancient Israel it began with the Babylonian exile from which not all jews returned Maccabean revolt jewish greek seleucid dynasty raided jewish temple and jews called upon a roup of fighters called Mcaccabees to fight against them and availed recapturing Jerusalem and expanding its borders to the pre exilic boundaries Scholasticism Christian places a strong emphasis on dialectical reasoning to extend knowledge by inference and to resolve contradictions Used to harmonize ideas of Christianity to their classical and antiquity philosophy Documentary hypothesis jewish the theory 1894 that the Pentateuch was not written by moses was compiled from multiple sources over a long period of time Kabbalah the medieval jewish mytical tradition its central text is a commentary on scripture called the zohar Mosque muslim place of worship for followers of islam Kippah yarmulke jewish dome or cap the Hebrew word for skullcap or yarmulke the Yiddish word for kippah or skullcap Ummah islam the muslim community Logos jewish word a kind of divine intelligence thought to mediate between god and humanity and carry out god s intentions on earth Logos Christian word in the sense of eternal divine intelligence and purpose an idea prominent in greek thought at the time of jesus Kosher kashrut jewish term for food that is ritually acceptable indicating that all rabbinic regulations regarding animal slaughter etc have been observed in its preparation Reformed Judaism jewish form of Judaism adapted to modern life made compatible with the surrounding culture Zakat islam the prescribed welfare tax 2 5 per cent of each muslim s accumulated wealth collected by central treasuries in earlier times but now donated to charities independently if state giverbnebts Minyan jewish the quorum of ten required for a prayer service in the synagogue Nestorianism nestorians Christianity form of Christianity that holds jesus as two loosely connected natures Gnosticism Christian an ancient movement that believed the material world to be the evil result of a fall from pure spiritual existence Christian gnostics viewed jesus as the bearer of a secret sacing knowledge through which the faithful would be redeemed from this material realm Mir aj
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