REL1300 midterm study guide Typical Indigenous African Cosmology Nuer Tribe Yoruba Tribe Spirit possession Rites of passage Sacrifice Witchcraft Role of the slave trade Africans and western scholarship Xhosa cattle killing movement African Diaspora Tripartide Top deity high god Middle lesser deities Bottom humans Their supreme deity was kwoth nhail he lived in the sky and had a rope that extended to earth Lesser deity was kwoth all lesser deities were forms Supreme deity is Olodumare and he delegates job of creation The lesser dieties are called orishas Ex oshun who is for females and oyun for protection there is 401 total They have trickster deities Good and evil aren t seen as conflicting Use a itual to call upon deity can also use masks to call spirit once possessed you start to act like the spirit Women are more likely to be possessed 3 stage process 1 Separate from the familiar 2 Liminality sent to the margins 3 Reintigration you often have a new status or position in the community In order to summon powerful spirit there often needs a spilling of blood Releases life forces to the spirits to nourish them Explains evil and suffering Also explains bad luck and everyday misfortune Female witches have power over men Europeans described the African religions as brutal or as not religion at all and they used this to justify the slave trade There are no scholars in Africa so people back in Europe must interpret what they are told World view of religious traditions Related to Darwins origin of species saying western protestant Christianity is most evolved with African religious traditions being the least This doesn t recognize how religions change throughout time Nongquwase had a vision that the problems with the Europeans were due to practicing witchcraft In order to clear themselves of this curse they said everyone must kill all of their cattle Resulted in a devastating famine and those that survived lost their independence to the british Religious tradtions were carried to the Americas through the slave trade In the carribean and south America slaves outnumbered free people so their traditions were more present African gods and Christian gods were put together through syncretism and gradually traditions were REL1300 midterm study guide Vodou Lwa rada petro gede Papa legba Baron samedi Elizi dantor Myth of the noble savage neither European nor African Emphasized spirit possession and healing Played a role in Haitian revolt Because of this it was viewed with negative connotation by slave owners in the Americas Spirits of Haitian vodou These were spirits or deities honored by slaves who were brought to the New World and became the major spirits within the new religion synthesized there Rada lwa are generally benevolent and creative and are associated with the color white Petro or Petwo lwa originate in the New World specifically in what is now Haiti As such they do not appear in African Vodou practices They are associated with the color red Ghede lwa are associated with the dead and also with carnality They transport dead souls behave irreverently make obscene jokes and perform dances that mimic sexual intercourse They celebrate life in the midst of death Their color is black is the loa who serves as the intermediary between the loa and humanity is one of the Loa of Haitian Vodou Samedi is a Loa of the dead along with Baron s numerous other incarnations Baron Cimeti re Baron La Croix and Baron Kriminel He is the head of the Gu d family of Loa or an aspect of them or possibly their spiritual father Samedi means Saturday in French His wife is the Loa Maman Brigitte is the Petro nation aspect of the Erzulie family of lwa or spirits in Haitian Vodou The myth of the Noble Savage is anthropology s oldest and most successful hoax still widely believed today almost a century and a half since its creation As it is commonly understood the myth makes the false claim that savages are noble a misrepresentation arising from Rousseau s invention of the Noble Savage concept in the mid 18th century as a romantic glorification of savage life But this common understanding of the myth is itself a myth deliberately introduced into anthropological metadiscourse for political purposes REL1300 midterm study guide Animism Holistic Culture Manitou Roger Williams Cosmogonic myth Mary Jemison Sweathouse ritual Early European Perceptions of the Americas requiremiento Bartolome de las casas Animals were seen to have spiritual power Related to totems Certain tribes wouldn t hunt certain animals North indian festival that s supposed to destruct evil Part of complimentary dualist terms Manitou refers to life enhancing powers for the algonquians was an English Protestant theologian who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state In 1636 he began the colony of Providence Plantation which provided a refuge for religious minorities Williams started the first Baptist church in America the First Baptist Church of Providence He was a student of Native American languages and an advocate for fair dealings with Native Americans Williams was arguably the first abolitionist in North America having organized the first attempt to prohibit slavery in any of the original thirteen colonies Creation story was an American frontierswoman and an adopted Seneca When she was in her teens she was captured in what is now Adams County Pennsylvania from her home along Marsh Creek and later chose to remain a Seneca is a ceremonial or ritual event in some cultures particularly among some North American First Nations Native American Scandinavian Baltic and Eastern European cultures There are several styles of structures used in different cultures these include a domed or oblong hut similar to a wickiup a permanent structure made of wood or stone or even a simple hole dug into the ground and covered with planks or tree trunks Stones are typically heated and then water poured over them to create steam In ceremonial usage these ritual actions are accompanied by traditional prayers and songs Only want natives to do them That they were inferior and they mad many different attempts to convert them was a written declaration of sovereignty and war read by Spanish military forces to assert their sovereignty a dominating control over the Americas His extensive writings the most famous being A REL1300 midterm study guide European conversion of native americans Neolin Handsome Lake Tarachiawagon Tawiskaron 4 evils
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