Abnormal Psych Test 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 Key Terms Continuum Model of Abnormality model of abnormality that views mental disorders not as categorically different from normal experiences but as lying somewhere along a continuum from healthy functional behaviors thoughts and feelings to unhealthy dysfunctional behaviors thoughts and feelings Psychopathology symptoms that cause mental emotional and or physical pain Cultural Relativism view that norms among cultures set the standard for what counts as normal behavior which implies that abnormal behavior can only be defined relative to these norms and that no universal definition of abnormality is therefore possible only definitions of abnormality relative to a specific culture are possible Biological Theories theories of abnormality that focus on biological causes of abnormal behaviors Supernatural Theories theories that see mental disorder as result of supernatural forces divine intervention demonic forces sins etc and that disorders can be cured through religious rituals Psychological Theories theories that view mental disorders as caused by psychological processes such as beliefs thinking and coping styles General Paresis disease that leads to paralysis insanity and eventually death discovery of this disease helped establish a connection between biological diseases and mental disorders Mesmerism treatment for hysterical patients based on the idea that magnetic fluids in patients bodies are affected by the magnetic forces of other people and objects the patients magnetic forces are thought to be realigned by the practitioner through his her own magnetic force Psychoanalysis form of treatment for psychopathology involving alleviating unconscious conflicts driving psychological symptoms by helping people gain insight into their conflicts and finding ways of resolving them Classical Conditioning form of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally elicits a response thereby making the netural stimulus itself sufficient to elicit the same response Behaviorism study of impact of reinforcements and punishments on behavior Self Efficacy Beliefs beliefs that one can engage in behaviors necessary to overcome a situation Patients rights movement movement to ensure that mental patients retain basic rights and to remove them from institutions and care for them in community Deinstitutionalization movement in which thousands of mental patients were released from mental institutions a result of the patients rights movement which aimed at stopping the dehumanization of mental patients and at restoring their basic legal rights Community mental health movement movement launched in 1963 that attempted to provide coordinated mental health services to people in community based treatment centers community mental health centers institutions for the treatment of people with mental health problems in the community may include teams of social workers therapists and physicians who coordinate care Halfway houses living facilities that offer people with long term mental health problems the opportunity to live in a structured supportive environment while they are trying to reestablish employment and ties to family and friends Day treatment centers mental health facilities that allow people to obtain treatment along with occupational and rehabilitative therapies during the day but to live at home at night Managed Care health care system in which all necessary services for an individual patient are supposed to be coordinated by a primary care provider the goals are to coordinate services for an existing medical problem and to prevent future medical problems Learning Objectives 2 This course is about people experiencing troubling troubling psychological symptoms Abnormality is not straightforward but varies between cultures there are no universal rules constituting what is abnormal Mental illness is a collection of problems in thinking cognition in emotional responding regulation and in social behavior 3 The Four D s Distress Dysfunction Deviance Dangerousness Pros Helpful in determining whether or not somebody needs help Cons do not take cultural differences into account Does not clearly define what is deviant unusual percentages etc Disorder may be distressing to others but not to the person experiencing the disorder 4 See continuum model as defined above Abnormal when we see the Four D s 5 Culture lays out basic expectations for behavior so if a behavior strays significantly from what is considered normal in its culture it can be considered abnormal But what is normal in one culture may not be normal in another this is why we need to also evaluate whether the behavior distresses people around the individual in question 6 Distress can be considered in relation to the person experiencing the disorder or the people around them Such as if a person is lying and stealing it may not be distressing to them but it is distressing to people around them 7 a Biological perspective see definition above can effect treatment because clinician will try biological methods medicine to treat the problem b Psychoanalytic perspective see definition above treatment will seek to find the root cause of the psychological disorder through discussing problems c Behaviorism see definition above treatment seeks to manipulate reinforcements and punishments for the individual seeking treatment d Cognitive see definition above treatment seeks to change patterns of thoughts into a more positive pattern 8 Professions include clinical psychologists marriage and family therapists license mental health counselors psychiatric nurses and more Chapter 2 Key Terms Sociocultural approach approach to psychopathology focusing on role of environment stress and culture in producing psychopathology Biological approach view that biological factors cause and should be used to treat abnormality Psychological approach approach to abnormality that focuses on personality behavior and ways of thinking as possible causes for abnormality Biopsychosocial approach approach to psychopathology that seeks to integrate biological psychological and social factors in understanding and treating psychopathology Diathesis stress model model that asserts that only when a diathesis or vulnerability interacts with a stress or trigger will a disorder emerge Cerebral Cortex part of brain that regulates complex activities speech and analytical thinking Thalamus structure of brain that
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