S BSC 1005L FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE The BSC 1005 Lab Final Is Comprehensive And Covers All Labs The Exam Is Composed Of 80 Multiple Choice Questions 1 Pt Each And 8 Short Answer Essay Questions Of Which You Choose 5 To Answer 4 Pts Each There Are 4 Different Versions Of The Exam Biology the study of life Terms Characteristics of Life know the Five Kingdoms of Life Unicellular having only one cell Multicellular having multiple cells Eukaryotic has a distinct nucleus surrounded by a nuclear membrane Prokaryotic has no nucleus or membrane algae and bacteria presence of carbon organization complexity metabolism homeostasis response to stimuli reproduction growth monera bacteria protista protozoans algae fungi plantae animalia common examples compound light microscope used in lab close up dissecting microscope like a picture scanning electron microscope uses electrons very close transmission electron microscope uses electrons very close Eyepiece look through them Revolving nosepiece has the objectives on it Objective three objectives zoom things Mechanical Stage where the slide sits Specimen Holder clamps the slide in Aperture iris diaphragm lever lets different amounts of light to slide Coarse Fine adjustment knobs move stage up down Base base of microscope Power switch on off Voltage control dial controls voltage Put a drop over water down place thing on slide and water again Major parts of compound light microscope Types of microscopes How a wet mount is prepared cover slip Why stains are sometimes used in microscopy Terms To help see it clearer Resolution the ability to see and to distinguish finer details Magnification increases the apparent size of a specimen x magnifies times the 3 parts of the cell theory know the parts of a typical cell and the function of major cellular organelles Differences between plant and animal cells DNA All living things are composed of cells The cell is the basic functional unit of life All cells arise form previously existing cells Characteristics of ALL cells DNA genetic material cell membrane cytoplasm CHART IN BOOK Plant cells have a cell wall plastids and large vacuoles Deoxyribonucleic acid contains all necessary information to direct cell reproduction and other processes Negatively charged Seperated according to size Double helix structure Made of adenine guanine thymine and cytosine Discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick Problem Statement Questioning Gathering Facts Hypothesis Testing Experiments Conclusion Explanation Theory Scientific Method Meiosis vs Mitosis Function Divisions Daughter cells Type of daughter cells Terms Mitosis Asexual growth and repair One Two Diploid somatic cells Meiosis Sexual gametes Two Four Haploid gametes fertilization union of gametes gamete sex cells homologous chromosomes members of a pair of chromosomes are the tetrad formation each consists of two homogolous chromosomes zygote formed from fertilization same Cancer Terms DNA vs RNA A group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells Causes environmental conditions radiation viruses heredity etc Diagnosis Treatment early detection chemotherapy radiation therapy immunotherapy surgery Stages initiation introduction of a normal cell to become cancerous promotion cancer cells keep dividing without control metastasis cancer cells spread to other locations in the body death contact inhibition proliferation rapid increase in cancer cells tumor abnormally dividing cells forming a mass carcinogen a cancer causing agent malignant continuous growth tumor benign localized tumor The 7 warning signs of cancer Change in bowel or bladder habits A sore that doesn t heal Unusual bleeding or discharge Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere Indigestion of difficulty swallowing Obvious change in wart or mole Nagging cough or hoarseness DNA provides instructions for all cell processes double helix RNA synthesizes proteins using ribosome s single stranded uracil instead of thymine International research project aimed at constructing a detailed map of the human genome To determine the complete sequence of DNA identify genes in the human genome develop faster technologies etc Improvements in diagnosis and early detection of diseases design custom drugs forensic technology improvements etc The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Chromosome contains genes homologous chromosome pair of same chromosomes gene unit of heredity allele forms of genes dominant and recessive co dominance both genes are dominant incomplete dominance one gene is recessive homozygous same alleles heterozygous different alleles genotype genetic constitution of an individual phenotype physical characteristics sex linked inheritance inheriting something based on sex multiple allelism many different alleles for one gene What is genetics Terms The Human Genome Project Genetic disorders The processes of gamete mature haploid male or female sex cell zygote diploid cell from two gametes From extra less chromosomes Downsyndrome Cystic Fibrosis Sickle Cell Anemia etc Gametogenesis two types both below Meiosis Spermatogenesis takes place in testes results in production of sperm Oogenesis takes place in ovaries results in production of eggs The path of sperm through the male reproductive system Testes seminiferous tubules epididymis vas deferens seminal vesicle prostate gland cowper s gland urethra Matures in follicle ovary fallopian tube remains until fertilized or The path of eggs through the female reproductive system not know the female hormonal cycle for ovulation menstruation and which hormones are released suppressed during various parts of the cycle FSH and LH pituitary Estrogens and progesterone ovarian Menstrual Cycle Twins same egg Pregnancy unhealthy Contraception Takes place every 28 days pituitary gland releases follicle stimulating hormone FSH and lutenizing hormone LH Ovary releases estrogen and progesterone Peak in LH causes ovulation release of egg Empty follicle is called corpus luteum Combo of progesterone and estrogen blocks FSH and LH and no more eggs are released Egg is waiting in fallopian tubes waiting for fertilization if not fertilized corpus luteum breaks down estrogen and progesterone decrease causing menstrual flow and FSH and LH levels increase and cycle begins again Identical monozygotic from same egg and genetically identical from Fraternal dizygotic from two separate eggs not genetically
View Full Document
Unlocking...