REL 1300 STUDY GUIDE FOR MIDTERM Baptists The Scriptures OT NT as rule of faith No over arching hierarchy Baptism of adults mature believers rather than infants Full immersion Grew in US after the First Great Awakening 1740 1743 Regional split in 1845 over the issue of slavery Resulted in Northern and Southern Baptists Caliph Successor to the Prophet Muhammad was a religious leader 7th Day Adventists Predecessor William Miller Predicted return of Jesus in March 1843 March 1844 October 1844 Founder Ellen G Harmon White Beliefs Saturday Sabbath Reject innate immortality of the soul Follow OT dietary laws Many are conscientious objectors Oppose the teaching of biological evolution Sevener Shi ism sect of Islam Became known as Seveners because they believe that Ism l ibn Ja far was the seventh and the last Im m hereditary leader of the Muslim community They believed his son Mu ammad ibn Ism l al Maktum would return and bring about an age of justice as al Mahdi Yeshiva Jewish school provided for men to study scripture and Jewish law Ashura the tenth day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the climax of the Mourning of Muharram It is commemorated by Shi a Muslims as a day of mourning for the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali the grandson of Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala on 10 Muharram in the year 61 According to Sunni Muslim tradition Ibn Abbas narrates that Muhammad came to Medina and saw the Jews fasting on the tenth day of Muharram He asked What is this They said This is a good day this is the day when Allah saved the Children of Israel from their enemy and Musa Moses fasted on this day So he fasted on this day and told the people to fast Iconoclast controversy In 726 after a major volcanic eruption in the middle of the Aegean Sea Emperor Leo III had his officers tear down the great golden icon of Christ at the gateway of the imperial palace and replace it with a cross Many people protested this and thus the iconoclastic controversy was born Leo ordered all icons destroyed and the ban lasted until 787 CE It was revived later in 815 and 843 CE This impulse was born out of a fear that monotheistic Christianity was becoming too influenced by local folk religious traditions and anti intellectual sentiments coming out of the Balkans There was a fear that Christianity especially in the East which was now facing pressures from Islamic Arabs was becoming morally and intellectually inferior to the Arabs Calvinism John Calvin 1509 1564 CE Took Luther s suggestions further God is absolutely sovereign Humans are sinful and powerless to achieve salvation on their own Nothing but the grace of God can save a person Predestination God has preordained who is damned saved and there s nothing people can do about it Presbyterianism English and American Reformed Calvinism religious activities particularly worship services The term in its architectural sense is most often used by Christians to refer to their religious buildings but can be used by other religions Church a building used for Council of Nicea The council settled to some degree the debate within the Early Christian communities regarding the divinity of Christ This idea of the divinity of Christ along with the idea of Christ as a messenger from God The Father had long existed in various parts of the Roman empire The divinity of Christ had also been widely endorsed by the Christian community in the otherwise pagan city of Rome The council affirmed and defined what it believed to be the teachings of the Apostles regarding who Christ is that Christ is the one true God in deity with the Father Hanifs Meccan Arabs Pious ones who concurred with Jews and Christians in their ethical monotheism abbasid umayyad dynasty The first dynasty of Arab caliphs 661 750 Its capital was Damascus Orthodox Judaism Torah Judaism is the approach to the religious Judaism which adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts Incarnation The eternal word of God is embodied in the flesh of Jesus during his earthly life THere were two basic formulations of this The word became flesh and the word dwells in the flesh of Jesus Temple Religious place to worship perform sacrifice priestly class Jewish Mysticism Merkabah chariot throne Mysticism Ecstatic journey to heavenly throne room Focused on Shekinah presence of God Anthropomorphic conception of God Magic Spells and Motifs Apocalyptic and Revelatory Writings Fiqh the human interpretation of the Islamic laws Synagogue Lit Gathering together Origin Exilic period Many synagogues Meeting place Torah study Prayer Sunni Muslims The Sunni branch believes that the first four caliphs Mohammed s successors rightfully took his place as the leaders of Muslims They recognize the heirs of the four caliphs as legitimate religious leaders These heirs ruled continuously in the Arab world until the break up of the Ottoman Empire following the end of the First World War Diaspora dispersion of the Jews outside Israel Yom Kippur Day of Atonement Solemn day strict fasting Ramadan the ninth month of the Islamic calendar 1 Muslims worldwide observe this as a month of fasting This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam The month lasts 29 30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon according to numerous biographical accounts compiled in the hadiths Documentary hypothesis proposes that the Pentateuch the first five books of the Bible was derived from originally independent parallel and complete narratives which were subsequently combined into the current form by a series of redactors editors 1 The Yahwist source J 2 The Elohist source E 3 The Deuteronomic source D 4 The Priestly source dietary laws any of the laws dealing with permitted foods food preparation and combinations and the utensils and dishes coming into contact with food Jihad a holy war waged on behalf of Islam as a religious duty Maccabean Revolt Seleucids came in to Jerusalem and made their temple a cult place disregarding the Jewish religion A group of fighters fought the Seleucids and recaptured Jerusalem and expanded its boundaries Scholasticism refers to Martin Luther s view on the church the application of the most rigorous appliances of logic to the formulation and analysis of theological definitions Eucharist a Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper by consecrating bread and wine Kabbalah Jewish literature on mysticism Spheres Sepherot Emanations
View Full Document
Unlocking...