Unit 1 Overview of Abnormality Chapter 1 Learning Objectives 1 Explain the factors that influence whether a behavior is considered normal or abnormal Depends on context Cultural relativism different definitions no universal standards or rules Every culture has their own criteria for what is normal Problems with it Societal norms have historically been manipulated Summarize the different perspectives that have been used to define abnormality Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each perspective What is the current perspective used to define abnormality Rare behaviors are abnormal What is rare Rare isn t always problematic If the individual experiences discomfort and wishes to get rid of the behavior behaviors that endanger others Behaviors are abnormal that result from mental illness or disease Asumme that abnormality is a clear identifiable categorically different phenomen state of being that differs from health Problems Not all abnormal behaviors result from an identifiable disease There are many causes for mental illness Sometimes the line is hard to distinguish CURRENT MODEL Maladaptiveness 4Ds Dysfunction interfering with their normal day to day life Distress has to really be bothering the person Deviance auditory hallucinations Dangerousness What about Explain the continuum model of abnormality Explain the advantages and disadvantages of the continuum model of abnormality No real cut point for normal vs abnormal Subjective decision about what meets diagnostic criteria 4 Describe the components of maladaptive behavior Is each component viewed from a categorical or continuous perspective Explain how culture and gender may influence maladaptive behavior Culture and gender influence 1 Likelihood of expressions 2 Ways people express distress 3 Willingness to disclose 4 Types of treatment 5 Describe the supernatural natural and psychological theories of abnormality Explain how each theory led to different ways of treating mentally ill people throughout history Biological Similar to physical disease breakdown of some systems of the body Supernatural Divine intervention curses demonic possession and personal sin Psychological theories Mental disorders as the result of environmental influence maladaptive thinking Describe the historical shift from the early asylums in Europe and America to the moral treatment movement Developed in reaction to brutal treatment in asylums Based on the PSYCHOLOGICAL view that people became mad because they were separated from nature Explain Emil Kraepelin s and Richard Kraft Ebing s contributions to abnormal psychology 2 3 6 7 8 Describe the goal of the deinstitutionalization movement Mental patients can recover more fully or live more satisfying lives if integrated into the community 9 10 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of managed care systems in providing mental health services coordinated health care services But mental health care is frequently not covered Explain the careers within abnormal psychology Describe how the careers differ from each other Psychiatrist prescribe med Clinical psych research limited prescription privileges in some states Marriage Family specialize in families couples children Clinical social workers often work for government agencies Psychiatric nurses spec in treatment of severe psychopathology often work in inpatient settings Psy D 4 year professional therapy degree Unit 1 Overview of Abnormality Chapter 2 Learning Objectives 11 Explain what a theory is AND is not Describe the nature vs nurture controversy and explain its assumptions What is the current approach to the causes of abnormal behavior Explain that approach Set of ideas that provide a framework for asking questions about a phenomenon as well as gathering interpreting information about that phenomenon Theories are not facts stable or mutually exclusive Nature vs Nurture nature biological genetic nurture environmental Not everything has a single cause Modern theories of abnormality recognize the relationship among biological psychological sociocultural factors 12 Distinguish among the biological psychological and sociocultural approaches to abnormality In other words explain each view s concept of what may lead to abnormal behavior Explain how these approaches are not mutually exclusive Hint For example how might biological factors influence psychological factors How might psychological factors influence sociocultural approaches Explain the implications of the different theories of abnormality for treatment Biological theory psychological disorders can be explained in terms of brain pathology 13 Explain the diathesis stress model Describe how the diathesis stress model suggests how a disorder may develop Be able to give examples of how the diathesis stress model may unfold in real life in developing a disorder Important Think about how the biopsychosocial approach fits into the diathesis stress model Diathesis People cary some sort of risk factor or vulnerability biological sociocultural psychological Stress And they are then faced with some sort of stress which is also biological sociocultural psychological these two factors then lead to a disorder 14 Explain the biological causes of abnormality Describe the relationship between structural brain abnormalities and psychological disorders Summarize the processes involved in communication between neurons Explain what aspects of communication between neurons may break down resulting in abnormal behavior Be able to name important neurotransmitters Hint we talked about 4 of them and explain the effect of each neurotransmitter on behavior and emotions Explain the types of studies that are used to investigate genetic contributions to psychopathology Explain the ways genes and environment may interact in the development of a disorder Explain the disadvantages of the biological theories and biological approaches to treating abnormal behavior Structural the area damaged influences the specific psychological problems can result from blunt trauma or diseases that deteriorate the brain Biochemical imbalances NTs carry messages from neuron to the next disorders result from too much or too little of certain NTs in the synapses Or there are too much or too little of certain NTS in the synapses or too few or insensitive receptors Most disorders are related to a critical number of altered individual genes or polygenic Genetics may influence the types of environments we choose to be in Environment may initiate a
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