Religion Indigenous Religions Africa Founder Important People Scriptures Main ideas Yoruba Myth the war of the gods coflict between Oduwa king of men and Orisha creator of man Oduwa steals secret bag of knowledge can t use it Brothers fight supreme god is angry sends flood Oduwa refuses to give up the bag and turns himself and bag into stone so no one else can use it Explanation of limits of human knowledge Eshu trickster Ife kingdom Afterlife vague or absent cooperation with nature rain hunting harvesting no goal of salvation or redemption Shamans special ability to contract combat and or negotiate with spirits power attained through difficult initiation ordeal or illness Totem living spirit in all objects Taboo tapu sacred prohibiton Mana magic able to communicate with outside world Lakota Sun Dance Sweat Lodge to cleanse bodies Smoke ceremoni al piped mo del of the universe Indigenous Religions America Lakota Lakota Mayans Wakan Tanka Great spirit or Great Mystery supreme being Black Elk veneration of the great spirit wakan tanka had a vision at age 9 world of clouds After 4 days and 4 nights of purifying peirced chests with ropes tied to end of tree danced until it ripped through their skin Vision quest after sweat lodge a young man would go to a hill top and cries out for a vision which will shape the rest of his life Mayans ancient and advanced civilization conquered by Spanish in 16th century was center of the universe brought back horse dance at age 20 becomes medicine man later in life becomes a catholic Mayans Mayans Popol Vuh Hurakan Chief God of storms creates through divine speech first of several unsuccess ful attempts at creating humankin d Mankin wiped out by flood Council Book book that survives the conquering of the spanish Hero Tales the gods Hun Ahpu and Xbalanque seek to destroy the arrogant Vukub vakix made out of jewels and precious metals and his sons mountain maker earth shaker creation through Hinduism Deities trail and error Vedas Indo Europeans texts persevered orally Rig Veda part of vedas Yoga path 3 ways of liberation In course of Gita explained by Krishna 1 Karma yoga way Vishnu supreme god sustainer of the universe dreami ng everything Brahma creator god Vishnu dreamed him Shiva destroyer god through destroying things other things are reborn Kali Shivas consort wife becomes more important than Shiva of action unselfish duty performed neither in fear of punishment nor in hope of reward 1 Jnana yoga way of wisdom 2 Bhakti yoga way of devotion surrender yourself and your actions to god revelation of krishna as incarnation of the vishu Indra lord of heaven Agni fire god Varuna sky ocean creation through dismemberment of Purusa head Bra hmins arms war riors thighs pe ople feet serva nts Atman soul spark of brahmin Karma actions and their consequences Samsara reincar nation cycle of birth and death Moksha liberation from samsara Dsaratha exiles Rama goes into forest Sita gets captured by Ravana Hanuman rescues Sita Rama viewed as ideal son husband and king Upanishads Ramayana Bhagavad Gita song of 700 lines God war between two families Pandav as and Kauravas Arjuna warrior has conversation with Krishna chariot driver On field of battle Arjuna is reluctant to flight because he is fighting with his own brother Krishna says that Arjunas caste war rior its his dharma to fight and theres nothing wrong with it Hindu Smrti that which is remembered ancient stories puranas law codes and ethics epics Law of Manu vishu revealed dharma roles to Manu who survived flood basis for the caste system Buddhism Siddartha 4 Noble Truths Deer Gautama Buddha Chariot ride 4 at birth priests predicted he would be either great king or renouncer shielded from life while growing up sights death disease monk elderly at 29 he leaves and for 6 years studies with Hindu yoga fasting no worldly pleasures food water Bodhi Tree 4 states of contemplation 3 realizations he could recall past lives coule see entire cycle of death and rebirth and the cause of suffering and means to end it after englightenment tempted by evil Park Sermon No living being can escape suffering Suffering arises from craving Suffering will cease when desire ceases It is possible to put an end to desire and hence to suffering by following the eightfold path 3 jewels of Buddhism Buddha Dharma Sangha commun ity Nirvana The state of bliss associated with final enlightenment means with remainder highest possible in this life 3 Marks of Existence Dukkha suffering Anitya Impermanence Anatman no soul Theravada Buddhism way of the elders most conservative biggest in Sri Lanka devotional practices dominate three baskets of scriptures Three gems buddha dharma sangha appearing as his mother spent 45 years teaching dharma 4 noble truths taught people of any caste of sect allowed monks and later nuns Dalai Lama said to be reincarnation of the previous dalai lama Mahayana Buddhism greater vehicle many branches innovation in thought and practice focus on liberation of all beings Bodhisattvas dedicated to attaining enlighten ment teachers and saints compassi onate Guanyin Bodhisatt va of compassi on China Pure Land Buddhism Part of Mahayana salvation through compassion of Aminda paradise pure land within samsara up to 33 levels of samsara veneration of heavenly buddha Amida founder bodhidharma emphasized self power enlightenment through Chan Zen part of Mahayana ocean of wisdom became rulers of Tibet since the 5th Dali lama immersion experience at 30 went into water God is formless present in all situations rejects caste system mock rituals and praised devotion Gurus after Nanak first 3 were community picked 4th Ram Das established city of Amritsar meditation and discipline of yourself legend of the lotus flower sermon Vajrayana Buddhism Tibetan not a part of mahayana the indestructible path mix of theravada mahayana folk and magic stress visualization in meditation tantric yoga mantras string of sound put together for prayers mandrala geome tric design put together of Buddhas and Bodhisattva kesh hair is never cut kangha hair is bound up on top of head kirpan dagger kachera underwear signify modesty kara steel bracelets Communal kitchen langar fed all castes Central beliefs worship of one Sikhism Guru Nanak Adi Granth holy book 5 k s god many names light of god shines through gurus mul mantra praise of the formless god karma and reincarnation utimate goal mystical unity with the divine seva service work worship charity only as a
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