Final Study Guide REL 1300 10 Introduction to World Religions Culture Terms and Ideas and Festivals and Groups Sects early Hindu Harappan people who were impressive builders Located on the banks of the Indus River Atman human soul Hindu term for the Samadhi absorption into and unity with the divine as a result of concentration and meditation Brahman Hindu supreme being It pervades and yet transcends not only human thought but the universe itself Karma action a system of rewards and punishments attached to various actions Tied to samsara Samsara the continuing cycle of death and rebirth Brahmins the priestly class of Indian Hindu culture Retained the authority to teach and learn the Vedas Dharma Religious and social duty including both righteousness and faith ways to Liberation Three Way to Action 2 Way of Knowledge 3 Way of Devotion 1 System the thousands of Caste social and occupational divisions that have developed from the simple fourfold structure laid out in the Hymn to the Supreme Person Yoruba The tradition of West Africa which suggests that Olodumare reigns but does not rule their kings are sacred symbols of the townships Igbo southeastern Nigerian religious traditions Yoga the physical and mental discipline through which one yokes one s spirit to a god Tantra consists of a body of ritual practices occasionally sexual and the texts interpreting Om considered the Bhakti Loving devotion to a deity seen as a gracious being who enters the world for the benefit of humans Syllable beginning of sound in the universe and a manifestation of the Supreme Being Rinpoche a title of respect for Tibetan teachers or leading monks Linga representative of Shiva Upright shaft made of stone Holi Spring festival celebrated by throwing brightly colored water or powder Cult Sect Anatman no atman no soul Jen Ren between persons Ren Proper behavior Moksha liberation from the cycle of birth and death Puja Rituals performed in the home Totem term for a spiritual kinship between a particular animal or species and a particular family or clan Taboo from Polynesian word Tapu meaning sacred prohibition Shaman the term for primary ritual specialists whose souls leave their bodies and travel to other realms to encounter spirits Mana Melanesian word denoting a free flowing power in the universe capable of either enhancing or diminishing life Animism believing all things including plants have souls Syncretism the process in which new traditions have developed that integrate ideas and practices from both indigenous and foreign traditions Theravada Teaching of the elders the dominant form of the Buddhism in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia Wheel of Dharma Dana Ritual The Bodhi Tree 1 Gem of Buddhism Triple The Buddha Siddhartha Guatama 2 The Dharma Eternal Truth 3 The Sangha Monastic Community Four Sights The Buddhism Sights seen by the last Buddha Siddhartha which made him start his Great Departure The sights included a sick man suffering old man dead man and monk Koan a paradoxical thought exercise used in the Chan Zen tradition to provoke a breakthrough in understanding by forcing students past the limitations of verbal formulations and logic Pagodas A multi storey tower tower characteristic of Southeast and East Asian Buddhism T ien Tian the term for Heaven or God in the first millennium BCE Neo Confucianism Attributed to Confucius new thinking that they had developed People started asking metaphysical questions Neo Confucians reformulated Confucian philosophy on the basis of a smaller corpus that they believed Bodhisattva in Theravada a being who is on the way to enlightenment or buddahood but has not yet achieved it in Mahayana a celestial being who forgoes nirvana in order to save others Parinirvana the ultimate perfection of bliss achievable only on departing this life as distinct from the nirvana with the remainder achievable while one is still in the present existence Nirvana The state of bliss associated with final enlightenment nirvana with remainder is the highest level possible in this life Four Truths Suffering 2 Truth of Origin 3 Truth of Cessation 4 Truth of the 8 Fold Path 1 Truth of Noble Path 1 Right Eightfold understanding Understanding the 4 Noble Truths 2 Right Thought 3 Right Speech 4 Right Conduct 5 Right Livelihood 6 Right Effort 7 Right Mindfulness 8 Right Meditation Mantra an expression of one or more syllables chanted repeatedly as a focus of concentration in devotion Mandala a chart like representation of cosmic Buddha figures that often serves as a focus of meditation and devotion in the Mahayana and Vajrayana traditions Ancestor Cult Mahayana Greater Vehicle the form of Buddhism that emerged around the first century in India and spread first to China and then to Korea and Japan Vajrayana The tantric branch of Buddhism that became established in Tibet and the Himalayan region and later spread to Mongolia and eventually India Buddha Day Festival Pure Land Buddhism Zen Buddhism Zazen sitting meditation in the Chan Zen tradition Dao Tao Way in Chinese for Daoists the idea of the way at once describes the dynamic flow of nature and prescribes naturalness as a guiding principle in human affairs to teach a legacy of the mind and heart The Four Books Ideas that are asking questions about the nature of the universe There is a mirror universe that is prefect and that s what our universe is trying to be like Li In early Chinese thought the concept of ritual including propriety in behavior towards others Wuwei Non action the path of least resistance allowing things to run their natural course Kali People and Gods Rama Hinduism Main character in Ramayana He was a prince who was forced into exile His father the King wanted to give him the throne but he made a promise to one of his wives that her son would be king He had to leave the kingdom happily because that is what his father told him to do He refuses to come back because it was his father s wish that he leave the kingdom Rama remains in the forest This man is seen as an ideal son and husband that is the message of the story It gives us a real life model of how people should act For some this man is seen as an incarnation having a physical form of Vishnu Sita Hanuman Ravana Krishna Hinduism Main character in the Mahabharata or Bhagavad Gita Larger story is about war a battle between the descendants This man 9th Brahma Mencius After developing Confucius thoughts believed that a sense of right and wrong is shaved by all people heart mind
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