Baptists any of the various evangelical Protestant churches that believe in the baptism of voluntary believers Baptism Baptism the ritual in which a person is admitted to the Christian community It recalls the ritual bathing practiced by a number of movements at a time of Jesus a symbolic washing to clean prepare one for a new life People only initiated into the faith after taking a course of instruction called catechism Bishops overseers ordained church leaders who are successors of the Apostles and have received the fullness of the Sacrament of Holy orders The supervising priest of an ecclesiastical district called a diocese Calvanism created by John Calvin in Zurich Switzerland following the uprising of the Protestant reformation Stemmed from Protestantism and followed by Puritans Calvin believed in that humans are created for communion with god and cannot rest until they arrive at it Also told of predestination god has already willed each and one of us to our ultimate destination Cannon a collection of books accepted as Holy Scripture especially the books of the bible recognized by any Christian church as genuine and inspired Christ Messiah Messiah in Hebrew translates to anointed one one commissioned by god for a special task associated with the prophetic expectation that god would raise up and ideal leader to save Israel Christ in Greek also means anointed one Christian fundamentalism a movement that arose mainly within British and American Protestantism in the late 19th and 20th centuries among conservative evangelical Christians who in a reaction to liberal theology actively asserted that the following ideas were fundamental to the Christian faith the inerrancy of the Bible Sola scripture the virgin birth of Christ the doctrine of Substitutionary atonement the bodily resurrection of Jesus and the imminent personal return of Jesus Christ Crusades a series of military expeditions in the 11th 12th and 13th centuries by Western Europeans Christians to reclaim control of the holy lands from the Muslims Diaspora Greek meaning dispersal used to describe the communities of a given ethnic group living outside their homeland Jews for instance were spread from Israel to western Asia and Mediterranean lands by the Romans Documentary hypothesis proposes the Pentateuch first 5 books of Hebrew bible is a composite text consisting of four major blocks the theory that it was complied though different documents Jews Christians and Muslims alike have criticized it rejecting its humanizing assumptions Essenes Dead Sea scrolls group of rigorously observant priest extremists under the leadership of a man they called the Teacher of Righteousness Established a centre of priestly purity in expectation of a coming apocalypse Were believed to be the authors of the Dead Sea scrolls a collection of manuscripts from the Maccabean and early Roman Period Eucharist reenacts the story of the last supper the Passover supper that Jesus shared with his disciples in his last week in Jerusalem In the story Jesus breaks bead and passes around a cup of wine declaring this to be his body and blood Still today is it believed that in ceremonial instances the bread is the body of Christ and the wine his blood To some denominations it symbolizes his bodily sacrifice Excommunication the act of banishing a member of the church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the church Haddism a form of Judaism that arose from eastern Europe in the 18th century and emphasizes mysticism a personal relationship with god a close knit community and the leader of the Zaddik charismatic holy man mystically inclined followers of Baal Shem Tov Imam Muslim prayer leader Isnad the pedigree of chain transmission of the Haddith traditions with which the individual unit begins Verifies if Haddith is reliable or not Who passed information to who Kavod Shekhinah honor or due to God s creations humans individual dignity individual honor human dignity Shekhinah dwelling or settling of the divine presence of god especially in the temple of Jerusalem Kippah Yarmulke in Judaism the skull cap worn by men at temple services and funeral services Lutheranism Religious doctorine that Martin Luther develop following his 95 theses against the corruption of the catholic church Differed from Catholicism in that salvation could be achieved by good faith not only by good works or with Catholics selling salvation Was the first type of Protestant faith and sparked the Protestant Reformation Minyan the quorum of 10 males over the age of 13 required for a prayer service in the synagogue Mir aj The prophets miraculous journey to heaven Muhammad is said to have taken a single night journey physically and spiritually in which he traveled to the furthest mosque and ascended to heaven and speaks to god who instructs him on how to take back faith regarding prayer Prominent event in Islamic calendar Monoasticism a religious way of life characterized by the practice of renouncing worldy pursuits in order to fully devote one s self to spiritual work Pharisees represented the middle class Tended to interpret scripture more broadly versus others though they tried to establish principles and procedures for scriptural interpretation They were punctilious about rules of purity and tithing which distinguished good members in good good standing from general populace Most influential religious leaders and focused on keeping Jews faithful to the law Protestant reformation Religious movement during the late 16th century that started as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church but ended up creating Protestant churches and the many religions that stem from it i e Lutheranism Calvinism Sacarament a ritual action seen as signifying divine grace Most widely accepted sacraments are baptism washing and the Eucharist body and blood of Christ although the catholic church recognizes 5 others Sadducees represented Aristocracy the embraced hellenization spread of Greek culture Insisted on narrow literal interpretation of the law Did not believe in resurrection after death Shahadah first of five pillars in Islam Declaration of faith there is no god but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God Shi ism Shi a Muslims Muslims who trace succession to the prophets authority through imams in the lineage of Ali the smaller of two divisions of Islam accounting for about 1 6 of today s Muslims Syncretism Adoption or adaption of one religion to another blending of two or more religious
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