CCJS FINAL EXAM REVIEW 1 In learning terms this increases behavior and this decreases behavior a Reinforcement and punishment 2 These crime measures get at the dark figure of crime and deal with issues caused by the crime funnel a Self report and victimization data 3 Best demographic predictor of crime a Gender 4 The difference between Decent and Street families a Decent middle class values 5 4 elements of Hershey s social bond a Attachment commitment involvement and belief 6 Other ways to learn according to Akers a Imitation and modeling 7 3 key principles that make criminological research scientific a Empiricism objectivity control 8 Question asked by control theorists a Why do people obey the law 9 Wolfgang Ferracuti s subculture of violence focuses on explaining this a Lower class violent crime 10 This type of learning incorporates imitation and observations of others a Social learning 11 What Akers added to differential association a Operant conditioning 12 Unintended consequences a Latent function 13 Primary source of official crime data in the USA a The UCR 14 Difference between Hirschi 1969 and G H 1990 a Social bond vs low self control 15 Main idea of differential association 6th proposition a A person becomes delinquent because of an excess of definitions favorable to law violation 16 Criminologist who proposed social learning theory 17 Policy implications broad scope fits facts not tautological logical a Akers consistency a Criteria of a good theory 18 Difference between formal and informal social control a Formal criminal justice system informal others parents 19 Elements of routine activities 20 UCR part I offenses a Motivated offender suitable target lack of capable guardians a Murder robbery rape assault burglary larceny auto theft arson 21 SOCIAL CONTROL People engage in crime because a Their bond to society is weakened broken 22 How crime is learned according to Sutherland a Interactions with others 23 This type of learning incorporates reinforcements and punishments a Operant conditioning 24 According to Sampson Laub most significant turning points a Misdemeanor less than a year in jail felony more than a year in a Marriage and employment 25 Earliest explanations of crime a Spiritual demonological 26 Difference between misdemeanor and felony prison 27 Differential associations have these 4 characteristics a Frequency intensity priority duration 28 Pavlov s dogs are an example of this type of learning a Classical conditioning 29 Denial of victim justification implies this a Victim deserved the injury under the circumstances 30 According to new face of terrorism chapter in Cromwell the majority of research concludes this about most terrorists a Most terrorists are psychologically NORMAL 31 According to Merton strain or anomie a Disjuncture between means and goals 32 Crime committed during course of legitimate occupation for one s own benefit a Occupational crime 33 Reanalyzing data already collected a Secondary analysis
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