1 Stable addicts who engage in crime as a means to sustain their habits develop CCJS EXAM 2 REVIEW these 3 types of skills a Intuitive technical and social skills 2 Sheldon s criminal body type a Mesomorph 3 Definition of target hardening and an example a Reduction in criminal opportunity b Example alarm system fences 4 Criteria of a good theory the facts 5 All 8 UCR index crimes theft arson 6 Merton s 5 adaptations a NOT tautological circular policy implications empirical support fits a Murder robbery rape aggravated assault burglary larceny auto a Conformity innovation ritualism retreatism rebellion 7 3 key principles that make research scientific a Empiricism objectivity control 8 3 elements of routine activities theory a Motivated offender suitable target lack of capable guardian 9 Term shape of skull affects criminal involvement a Phrenology 10 Merton s strain a Disjuncture between means and goals opportunities blocked 11 When offenders mutually and immediately recognize an appealing target a Target convergence 12 The facts a good theory must fit 13 Best demographic predictor of criminality a Gender a Age crime curve sex differences unmarried people large cities 14 Key thinker wrote The Criminal Man 15 Simple explanation for complex phenomenon a Lombroso a Theory 16 Regarding capital punishment what is the Brutalization Effect a Death penalty increases crime latent function 17 Term willingness to exercise informal social control 18 An example of a social network used by hackers as a source of information a Collective efficacy discussed in Cromwell a BBS 19 Beccaria s 3 criteria of effective punishment a Swift certain and proportionally severe 20 Unintended consequences a Latent functions 21 Positivist theories require this evidence a Empirical research 22 Earliest explanations of crime a Spiritual demonological 23 3 elements of social disorganization a Poverty residential transition people moving in an out heterogeneity lots of different people 24 Driving through one s neighborhood looking for wifi points to get information about wifi access is an example of 25 T F classical school adherents believe forces beyond a person s control a Wardriving impact crime decision a False a Criminology 26 Study of law making law breaking and how we can control 27 Social disorganization theory highest crime rate in this zone 28 Using computer expertise to access university email passwords and thinking a Zone 2 this is okay a Hacking 29 4 purposes or goals of criminological theory a COPE control organize predict explain 30 Positivism is focused on this a Scientific method 31 Agnew s key emotion a Anger 32 The group most likely to be victimized a Young black males 33 Rationalizations or techniques of neutralization use by nurses when they stole hospital supplies a No one was harmed fringe benefit helps serve patient better 34 According to Cohen reaction formation leads to this type of behavior a Malicious and negativistic 35 Agnew s 3 sources of strain a Traditional strain presence of noxious stimuli removal of positively 36 Burglars use these cues to assess potential risks and rewards valued stimuli a Environmental cues 37 According to Black 1970 people are more likely to make a report when a Victim asks victim is polite victim has high SES more serious crime when victim and offender are strangers 38 Trust and willingness to intervene a Collective efficacy 39 Merton s adaptation that accepts goals and means 40 Policy implication of bio theories involuntary sterilization a Conformity a Eugenics movement 41 Using more than 1 research method a Triangulation 42 Visibility and accessibility are according to Cromwell and Olsen important in the decision to commit this type of crime 43 Merton s adaptation rejecting both goals and means ex Drug use a Burglary a Retreatism 44 Common problems of early biological theories a Many studies based on small biased samples not all bio differences inherited weak operationalization 45 Primary source of official stats a UCR
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