REL1300 Final Study Guide Ley Anatman Literally means not self In contrast to the Hindu concept of atman Buddhists do not believe that there is an essential self that moves from one body to another as we are reincarnated Arhat one who has become enlightened the ideal type for Theravada Buddhism Atman The eternal self which the Upanishads identify with Brahman often lowercase the eternal Self or soul on an individual that is reincarnated from one body to the next and is ultimately identified with Atman Asceticism the doctrine that through renunciation of worldly pleasures it is possible to achieve a high spiritual or intellectual state Bodhisattva A buddha to be either in the present life or in a future life in the Mahayana tradition all individuals should aspire to be Buddhas hence the bodhisattva is the highest human role some future Buddhas can be reborn as deities Buddha Literally one who has awakened ended Krmic bondage and will no longer be reborn one who will enter nirvana Guru Granth Sahib Holy scripture of Sikhism which has the sayings and Jati Hinduism a Hindu caste or distinctive social group of which there are teachings of the ten Sikh Gurus thousands throughout India Karma Hinduism and Buddhism the effects of a person s actions that determine his destiny in his next incarnation Khalsa the group of initiated Sikhs to which devout orthodox Sikhs are ritually admitted at puberty Krishna 8th and most important avatar of Vishnu Mahabarata one of the great epics of India reflects the struggles that took place in India as the Aryan Kings worked to control Indian Kings Mahayana the Great Vehicle The largest of Buddhism s three divisions prevalent in China Japan and Korea encompasses a variety of forms including those that emphasize devotion and prayer to the Buddhas and bodhisattvas Ramayana one of two classical Hindu epics telling of the banishment of Rama from his kingdom and the abduction of his wife by a demon and Rama s Moksha The Hindu concept of the spirit s liberation from the endless cycle of Nirvana Hinduism and Buddhism the beatitude that transcends the cycle of restoration to the throne rebirths reincarnation death and rebirth Samsara Hinduism and Buddhism the endless cycle of birth and suffering and Shiva is a Hindu deity He is considered the Supreme God within Shaivism one of the three most influential denominations in Hinduism In other branches of Hinduism such as in the Smarta tradition he is regarded as one of the five primary forms of God He is the Destroyer or the Transformer among the Trimurti the Hindu Trinity of the primary aspects of the divine Siddhi Achievement a siddhi is a power gained through yogic practice The term is especially important in Buddhist tantras where there are two types of siddhis 1 the mundane or wordly such as the power to fly walk through walls or transmute base metals into gold and 2 the supermundane or transcendent siddhi of buddhahood One who possesses siddhi is called a siddha hence the mahasiddhas or great adepts of Indian tantric literature Shramana One who strives Wandering monk in certain ascetic traditions of ancient India including Buddhism and Jainism the Buddha was a Shramana Soma personification of a sacred intoxicating drink used in Vedic ritual Sutra In Hinduism a brief aphoristic composition in Buddhism a more extended exposition of a subject and the basic form of the scripture of both Theravada and Mahayana traditions Since the early Indian philosophers did not work with written texts at all and later philosophers often disdained them there was a need for very brief explanatory works that could be committed to memory The earliest sutras were expositions of ritual procedures but their use spread and eventually nearly all Indian philosophical systems had their own sutras Tantra The esoteric tradition common to both hinduism and Buddhism that employs practices that defy caste and gender orthopraxy to lead individuals to moksha nirvana quickly Therevada sect of Buddhism the lesser vehicle strict spiritual discipline original teachings of Buddha philosophy Upanishads The Upanishads Sanskrit cid 4 IAST Upani ad IPA up ni d are a collection of philosophical texts which form the theoretical basis for the Hindu religion They are also known as Vedanta the end of the veda The Upanishads are considered by orthodox Hindus to contain revealed truths Sruti concerning the nature of ultimate reality brahman and describing the character and form of human salvation moksha The Upanishads are found mostly in the concluding part of the Brahmanas and Aranyakas and have been passed down in oral tradition Vajrayana The Vehicle of the Diamond Named for the vajra the Buddha s diamond scepter prevalent form of Buddhism in Tibet emphasizes the harnessing of sensual energies to attain nirvana Yoga Hindu discipline aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquility that is achieved through the three paths of actions and knowledge and devotion Vedas sacred texts in the Hindu religion they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests Vishnu a god originally a minor Vedic god now regarded by his worshipers as the supreme deity and savior by others as the preserver of the cosmos in a triad with Brahma and Shiva Vishnu is considered by Hindus to have had nine earthly incarnations or avatars including Rama Krishna and the historical Buddha the tenth avatar will herald the end of the world Sex Realms of Existence Samsara Deva Realm Gods Asura Realm Demigods Five K s of Khalsa Initiates are required to wear 5 items Human Realm Animal Realm Preta Realm hungry ghosts Nakara Realm hells Kes uncut hair beard Kangha comb worn in hair Kirpan steel dagger Kara steel ring worn on right wrist Kach shorts Life of Buddha Born as Siddhartha Guatama in India Born into a royal family lived and practiced as a Vedic Hindu Married when he was 19 Was shielded by his family from the difficulties of life outside the court Sees the four sights which disturb him Becomes disturbed by the existence of suffering Leaves the court his wife and son and becomes an ascetic Practices extreme asceticism Studied under 2 Brahmin Yogis Joined 5 ascetics in fasting breath holding and odd body positions Finally gave up on Hindu solutions Sat under a tree at Bodhgaya with resolve to understand the nature of suffering while demons namely Mara tempted him Gained
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