I Taoism a Indigenous to southern China Taoism Tao means way b Roughly 30 million practitioners c d Often contrasted with Confucianism i Roughly contemporary i Practiced in China Taiwan Singapore Korea Vietnam e Like Confucianism Taoism has both philosophical and religious varieties i Daojia philosophical Taoism ii Daojiao religious Taoism Later II Philosophical Taoism Daojia a Sima Tan 165 110 BCE coined the term b Reflection on the cosmological and ethical ideas expressed by Laozi and Zhuangzi c Laozi Lao Tzu 600 BCE i Daodejing Tao Te Ching 1 AKA The Laozi III Taoism vs Confucianism a Confucianism b Taoism philosophical i Heaven s mandate will be restored by observing the ways of old Five relations rituals virtuous actions Tao means the moral way of Heaven ii iii Moral knowledge is gained through classical education iv The superior man observes all social norms social status ritual moral v The goal of the supreme man is public administration vi Great faith in the ability of the learned elite to reform society i Heaven s mandate will be restored by living in harmony with ii the Tao Tao means originary impersonal force that penetrates all things iii Knowledge is gained through attaining complete emptiness iv The superior man removes from his mind all that is contrary to the Tao v He is shamed by public administration His goal is wuwei vi Great faith in the ability of common people to govern themselves IV Religious Taoism Daojiao a Associated with deities and ritual b 3 high gods i The create One supreme deity emanation of Tao ii The heavenly One his disciple Tao personified iii The Earthly One T H O s disciple Laozi deified c Later referred to as The Three Pure Ones d Hope for messiah like figure i Taiping jing Classic of the Great Peace ii Will pass on teachings to a prophet then prophet to ruler who will usher in virtuous rule V e Not influenced by Christianity Ultimate Goal a Human weakness and sickness are caused by sin i Healed through confession and help form higher powers b Ultimate goal is to survive in body and spirit i Emphasis on alchemy to attain immortality 1 Tsoa ChUn the first Taoist god 3rd c CE c Developed scientific knowledge with experimentation d Shift towards inner alchemy healed preserved through unity of the spiritual and physical VI Sectarianism a More about practice than doctrine b 2 Main sects today Perfect Truth and the Heavenly Masters c Perfect Truth i More popular in the North ii Founded in 12th c by Wang Zhe iii Major form of Taoist monasticism d Heavenly Masters i 142 BCE man claimed Laozi had appeared to him he took the name Heavenly Master ii Said people were lacking truth and worshipping demons 1 He was to restore orthodoxy 2 Rejected blood sacrifice iii Hope that Laozi will return to establish peace equality iv Some priests are spirit mediums and diviners v Continues today especially in the Southern China
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