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Neuroscience and Chapter 3 Behavior Announcements Check for missing assignments Due Dates PQ 3 in Canvas due Sat Contrib 3 due Sat Achieve LC and OA Chapter 6 Memory due next Wed Outline Due Next Wed Overview Neurons and Neurotransmitters Cerebral Cortex and Subcortical structures Organization of the Nervous System Why Study the Brain Why do we science Should we also be experts in neuroscience Assumptions Materialism the assumption that all observable phenomena have physical cause Mind Body Dualism the belief that the mind or consciousness or mental phenomena are separate from the brain and the rest of the body Neurons How do they work Neurons Neurons Cells that comprise the nervous system and process information Receive an input and deliver an output Types of Neuron Sensory neurons receive information from environment brain via the spinal cord Light sound touch taste and smell Motor neurons carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce Interneurons connect sensory neurons motor neurons or other movement interneurons Neurons Cell body soma coordinates information processing tasks and keeps the cell alive Dendrite receives information from other neurons and relays it to the cell body Axon transmits information to other neurons muscles or glands Myelin sheath provides insulating layer of fatty material Nodes of Ranvier gap in myelin sheath Glial cells not pictured support cells found in the nervous system Neurons Resting potential difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a neuron s cell membrane Action potential electric signal that is conducted along a neuron s axon to a synapse Threshold is reached all or none Refractory period time following an action potential during which a new action potential cannot be initiated Cerebral Cortex and Other Structures Be prepared to pick your top 3 favorite brain structures Cerebral Cortex Cerebral Cortex wrinkly part on the outside 2 hemispheres that control opposite sides of the body Connected via the corpus collosum 4 Lobes Frontal Thinking planning motor Parietal touch somatosensory Temporal hearing meaning Occipital visual information Subcortical Structures Mid and Hind Brain Organization of the Nervous System Central Nervous System CNS Brain and spinal cord Receives sensory information processes it Plans and coordinates actions sends commands to skeletal muscles Spinal cord is the middle man between the CNS and PNS Peripheral Nervous System PNS Connects the CNS to the extremities of the body e g the skeletal muscles Other information that might be on the test so you might want to check out this slide Neuro plasticity neurons can be assigned any brain function which allows reassignment of function to compensate for damage especially in the young Types of neuroimaging Effect of drugs medications Agonists enhance a neurotransmitters effect Antagonists inhibit the action of a neurotransmitters often by binding to the receptors Different neurotransmitters and their effects Mirror Neurons Endocrine system Broca s Wernicke s areas and accompanying aphasias


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KU PSYC 104 - Chapter 3: Neuroscience and Behavior

Course: Psyc 104-
Pages: 17
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