Sensation physical energy a stimulus from the environment and convert it into neural signals Perception interpretation of the stimulus Information processing guided by higher level mental processes as we construct perceptions drawing on our experience and expectations Top down Absolute Threshold minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50 of the time Bottom up Processing and Top down Data to whole Bottom up Thresholds Always changing Vision Sense sight cid 127 Wavelength width determines hue Amplitude height determines intensity Color deficient vision what does it look like Stimulus light waves Sense organ eye Detect while gray and black Rods twilight vision Cones detect color and fine detail Primary colors of light red green blue Trichromatic color representation RGB Sensory receptors generate neural signals carried to the brain in retina cid 127 Opponent process theory red green blue yellow white black Parallel processing processing of several aspects of the stimulus simultaneously the brain divides a visual scene into subdivisions such as color depth form movement etc Hearing cid 127 Wavelength frequency determines pitch Amplitude strength determines loudness Stimulus sound waves Sense organ the ear Sensory receptors 16 000 hair cells in the cochlea Loudness of sound decibels 80 can produce hearing loss The sense of touch is a mix of four distinct skin senses pressure warmth cold and pain Skin senses only pressure has identifiable receptors Pain control number of therapies including drugs surgery acupuncture exercise hypnosis and distraction Traditionally taste sensations consisted of sweet salty sour and bitter Recent addition is umami savor Cultural differences in taste Research example IV Pregnant recent given birth Drink carrot juice every day last 2 months of pregnancy after birth Drink same amount of water every day last 2 months of pregnancy after birth cid 127 When the babies were several months old were given carrot juice Babies preferred whatever mother drank regardless of pregnant or after birth Touch Taste Smell cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 Stimulus airborne odor molecules Sensory organ nose Brain region of smell is closely connected with the brain regions involved with memory cid 127 cid 127 cid 127 cid 127
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