Kinds of Neutrons:• Sensory Neutrons (bipolar)- carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS.• Motor Neurons (multipolar)- carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands.• Interneurons (unipolar) connect the two neuronsNervous System:• Nervous System• Central (brain and spinal cord)• Peripheral• Somatic (controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles)• Autonomic (controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands)• Parasympathetic (calming)• Sympathetic (arousing)Endocrine System:• Endocrine System- body's "slow" chemical communication system• Commmunication is carried out by hormones synthesized by a set of glands• Hypothalamus- brain region controlling the pituitary gland• Pituitary gland- secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands• thyroid gland- affects metabolismHormones:• a chemical that is released by one organ and conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activities in influences• Ex- epinephrine (adrenalin), insulin, estrogen & progesterone (female hormones), androgens (male hormones)Hormones vs. Neurotransmitters:• both are chemicals secreted inside our bodies• hormones are produced by endocrine gland• neurotransmitters are produced at nerve terminals when triggered by and electrical impulse• hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream• neurotransmitters are secreted at nerve synapse• hormones can be synthesized whereas it is impossible to make neurotransmitter (they are made inside the body only)Hormone Beach Test:• Frank Beach• Injected female days with male hormones (androgens) shortly after birth• Male dogs lift their legs to urinate; female dogs squat• 62% of injected females assume the "male position" during urinationHormones:• Unethical in humans• If only we could find men or women who routinely self-dose themselves with sex hormones• Would it affect their behavior?• Birth control pillsHormones and Birth Control:• Adams, Gold, and Burt (1978) women who were on the pill vs. women who used other forms of birth control• Keep track of #times they initiated sexual contact over the course of their menstrual cycle• high levels of estrogen in women's blood stream affects interest in sex• BC pills suppress the peak of estrogen around ovulation, the sexual pique is suppressed as wellLimbic System:• doughnut-shaped system of neural structures at the border of the brainstem and cerebrum, associated with emotions such as fear, aggression and drives forfood and sex • includes hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamusCerebral Cortex:• intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells that covers the cerebral hemispheres• body's ultimate control and information processing center• Cerebral cortex- ultimate control and information-processing center• Right hemisphere• controls left side of body• creativity, spatial organization, artistic abilities• Left hemisphere• controls right side of body• language, analyzing/logical, math, reading &
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