IQ Test Can Measure Psychopathology:• Can be used as partial way to measure psychopathology• One schizophrenic defined as a diamond as "a crystal made from roses"Different Theories of Intelligence:• General Intelligence (Spearman)• a common skill set underlies all intelligence• Three Factors of Intelligence (Sternberg)• Analytical• academic problem solving • IQ tests• Verbal and math ability• Raw processing power• mastering the steps of solution of a problem that is given• not associated with insight or creativity• Creative• reacting adaptively• seeing novel and creative solutions• doesn't rely on someone else setting up the problem for you• skill in taking a situation and formulating a solution• associated with scientific work• flexibility in searching for ways of solving complex problems• Practical• how to deal with your environment successfully• "street smarts"• knows how to keep people happy or avoid conflict when necessary• knows where to spend time working, and where not to bother with much effortRelatedness Rearing Status CorrelationIdentical Twins Together .80Identical Twins Apart .72Fraternal Twins Together .60Siblings Together .47Siblings Apart .27Parent/Child .40Foster Parents/Child .31Cousins .15Emotional Intelligence:• IQ vs. EQ• 4 Components:• Ability to • perceive emotions• understand emotions• manage emotions• use emotions• E.Q. Benefits:• High Emotional IQ:• successful in careers, relationships, and parenting while other academically high IQ tend to fail• better physical health• better able to deal with stress• children have fewer behavioral problems• Delay of Gratification• Stanford marshmallow experiment• kids who waited were more successfulPersonality:• organization of enduring behavior patterns that often serve to distinguish us from one another• organization of enduring behavior patterns that often serve to distinguish us from one another• organization of enduring behavior patterns that often serve to distinguish us from one anotherPerspective of Personality:• Psychoanalytic (Freud)• Trait (Allport)• Humanistic (Maslow and Rogers)• Social-Cognitive (Bandura)Psychoanalytic Perspective:• Sigmund Freud• first comprehensive theory of personality• the unconscious mind• psychosexual stages• defense mechanisms• three parts:• conscious- present awareness• preconscious- material not in conscious, but can be brought to it (e.x., memories)• unconscious- material one can't or has great difficulty bringing to conscious awarenessPsychoanalysis Theory and Treatment:• Free Association:• method of exploring the unconscious• person relaxes, says whatever first comes to mind• Psychoanalysis:• attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives/conflicts• techniques used in treatment; exposure and interpret unconscious tensionsThe Structure of the Mind: According to Freud:• Iceberg• Tip of Iceberg- Ego (executive mediator)• Conscious• rational, organized, planning• operates on reality principle• "I will"• Just under surface- Superego (internalized ideals)• Preconscious• internalized rules and values• conscience• moralistic, judgmental• "I should"• far below- Id ( unconscious psychic energy)• Unconscious• striving to satisfy basic drives• irrational, illogical, impulsive• operates on pleasure principle• "I want"Defense Mechanisms:• Conflicts between Id and Superego = anxiety• Ego copes with this anxiety using Device Mechanisms• Repression• banish anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings• Regression• retreat to earlier stage of development• Projection• attributing one's own thoughts, feelings, motives to another• Displacement• diverts impulses toward a substitute
View Full Document
Unlocking...