People are not abnormal, behaviors are abnormalBehaviors or emotions that:• Distress- cause you distress• Disability- impair your ability to function• Deviance- deviate greatly from a cultural normHistoric Background:• Supernatural Explanations• Prehistoric- Salem Witch Trials, 1690• Angry gods, spirits, devil exorcism• Physiological Explanations• Ancient Greece, ca. 460 BC• Hippocrates and humors• Treatment- blood letting• Humane Care• London, England 1547-1700's• First hospital for disturbed, people chained to walls• 'bedlam': Bethlehem hospital• Philipp Pinel (France), Dorothea Dix (US)• Led a movement against the hospitals, for humane ways of caring for patients • Lobotomy- pick axe through eye socket• Psychological Explanations:• Early 1900's, Freud• Unconscious conflicts and stress• New therapeutic approachesPsychological Disorders:• Psychological disorder: persistency harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions• Deviant• Distressful• DysfunctionalEtiology of Psychological Disorders:• Biospsychosocial approach:• Biological factors (genetics, hormones)• Psychological factors (stress, trauma)• Social-cultural factors (expectations, definition of normality)Psychological Disorders:• Dissociative disorders:• Conscious experience becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, or feelings• Sudden loss of memory or change in identity/personality• Often a response to extreme stress• Ex: dissociative identity disorder (DID)• Anxiety disorders:• Generalized Anxiety Disorder• Panic Disorder• Phobias• Obsessive Compulsive Disorder• Post-traumatic Stress Disorder• Mood disorders:• Disorders characterized by emotional extremes• Depression• Bipolar Disorder• Personality disorders:• Inflexible and enduring behavioral patterns that impair social functioning• 3 main "clusters" in the DSM• Cluster A: Odd or eccentric (3)• Cluster B: Dramatic, emotional or erratic (4)• Cluster C: Anxious or fearful (3)•
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