KU PSYC 104 - Developmental Psychology
Pages 3

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Developmental Psychology:• Physical, cognitive, social, and moral changes throughout the lifespan• Nature/nurture• Continuity/stages• Stability/changePhysical Development:• Birth stages:• Germinal stage• Zygote• 0-2 weeks• cell division• Embryonic stage• 2-8 weeks• sex differentiation• Fetal stage• 9 weeks-birth• internal organ development• Teratogens (anything harmful that can be passed onto the child through the placenta- ex. heroin, alcohol, ect.)• Maturation:• Biologica growth process• Enables ordinary changes in behavior • Relatively unaffected by experience• Milestones:• Rolling over ~3 months• Sitting without support ~5.5 months• Standing alone well ~11.5 months• Walking well ~12 months• Universal Sequence• Genes play large role in when these will happenCognitive Development:• How we develop mental activities• e.g., thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating• Jean Piaget- IQ tests• Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development• Proposed 4 stages: (operation- the ability to mentally transform an object or a situation, to think through what might happen, and to be able to mentallyreverse what happened)• Sensorimotor (0-2)• "ways of knowing"• sensory info• motor exploration• object permanence• stranger anxiety• Pre operational (2-6)• Representation with words and images but not deep thought or logic• Egocentrism (at beginning of this stage)• Theory of mind (starting around 4)• ability to infer others' mental states• sympathy and empathy• band-aid box and pencils• Conservation errors• Concrete operational (7-11)• Logical thinking about concrete events• Conservation• Math and logic transformations• e.g., understanding 2+6 is the same as 6+2• Formal operational (12+)• Abstract thinking• Hypothetical thinking• e.g., "what is the meaning of life?", "what would it be like to live on Mars?"Social Development:• Attachment• Close emotional relationship with caregiver or another person• What drives this bond?• Food (positive reinforcement) or Soft Hugs (contact and comfort)• Early theorists thought food• Harry Harlow thought soft hugs• Attachment• Survival impulse• Keep close to caregiver• 1950s study on monkeys• John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth• "Attachment Theory"• Does parental attention and love foster confidence and independence in children?• Attachment Styles:• Secure: parent consistently responsive, sensitive to child's needs- child is confident in parent's availability• Anxious/ambivalent: parent is inconsistent, intrusive or aloof- child fears rejection• Avoidant: parent consistently unresponsive, insensitive to needs- child does not depend on parent• Strange Situation• Secure (70%) upset when mother leaves but is comforted when she returns• Avoidant (20%) do not cry when mother leaves and ignores when returns• Anxious/Ambivalent (10%) cry when mother leaves but not comforted when returns• *these transfer on into adulthood• Secure children and adults have better outcomes with psych, social, and well-being measures (popular, health, liked, social skills, happier)• Relationships and Health• Two large review papers (one in the 80s by house et al. and one last year by Holt-Lundstad et al.) have shown that:• the risk of being socially isolated on your mortality is equal to that of being a regular smoker• Married people are generally healthierMoral Development:• Kohlberg's Stages• Preconventional stages (before 9)• Conventional stage (early adolescence)• Postconventional stage• Moral dilemma: The Heinz story• what determines the stage of development is the reasoning, not the answer• Preconventional: avoid punishment and gain reward; self-interest• obey rules because they're ordered to• do what they "want to"• What's right?• What parents say• What feels good• Rewards, and not punishment• Conventional: social rules/laws upheld for their own sake• Morality is based on belief in laws and social conventions• Morality is trust, caring, loyalty to others• Don't rock the boat• Law-and-order orientation• Postconventional: follows personally perceived ethical principles; human rights• Laws and values are relative• Laws are important to fit immediate needs and other goals• In a conflict between laws and personal conscience, the post conventional thinker chooses


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KU PSYC 104 - Developmental Psychology

Course: Psyc 104-
Pages: 3
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