10/17/2013 - Components of love: o Intimacy – a component of love that involves emotional closenesso Passion – component of love that involves romantic and sexual arousal o Decision/commitment – a component of love that involves the decision that an individual loves another person and is committed to maintaining the relationship - Stress - The process that leads to stress and defenseo Awareness and appraisal of a stressor (“I failed the exam, and that’s serious because I might fail the course!”) o Attempts to cope with the stressor (“I’m going to study really hard for the next exam!”) o If coping is effective the process is stopped o Stress response Cognitive component (“I can’t deal with this; I’m stressed out!”) Physiological component (increased arousal, such as heart rate, muscle tension) o Possible use of defense mechanisms (Denial: “that wasn’t an important exam; it was just a quiz.” Suppression: “I think I’ll go watch TV and forget about this.”) o If the defense is effective, stress is reduced but the stressor remains and may cause problems later - Other factors in the control of stresso Social support, counseling, and psychotherapy o Writing about stresso Aerobic exerciseo Meditation and biofeedback Meditation = resting Biofeedback – getting feedback on what is happening in your body: blood flow, heart rate, etc - There is no evidence that it is effective for reducing stress 10/22/2013- Mind-body dualism: what goes on in the mind influences health - Maladaptive behaviors – smoking, bad diet, riding a motorcycle without a helmet- Stress – physiological arousal leading to illness - Coronary artery disease – accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries o Reduced blood flow through the arteries o Heart isn’t getting enough blood (neither are muscles), leads to heart attack o Produce more cholesterol when under stress o Myocardial infarction The same process that leads to cardiovascular problems also leads to strokes (cerebral problems) - Things that lead to cardiac problems: o Type A behavior pattern Time urgency, hostility, competitiveness Vastly increased risk for heart attacks Are under stress, start producing more cholesterol and cortisolo Cholesterol (flaky stuff) + adrenaline = gunky stuff that sticks to the walls of the arteries When under stress, arteries set themselves up to get cholesterol stuck on them – expand under stress, compress when stress passes, leading to wrinkles in the walls of the artery When stress passes, there are more pauses between beats of the heart, and it is during these pauses that cholesterol hooks on to the wrinkles in the walls of the arteries - Treatment o Surgical procedure – coronary bypass o Wire with knife blades hooked to a motor drill through the accumulated cholesterol Angioplasty Insert a stent to hold the walls of the artery open o Psychological approach to prevent more heart attacks Keep them relaxed, teach them about healthy diet This is NOT effective people will keep going back to their oldways - Blood pressure o Used to use mercury in a tube to measure blood pressure o High pressure is a problem – heart is being forced to work harder, andarteries are being stretched, resulting in a greater chance of a clogged artery o Strokes result from high blood pressure o What can cause blood pressure to go up? Diet Brief increases during certain exercises – weightlifting Suppression of emotion o Blood pressures: 140/80 – high blood pressure 120/80 – normal blood pressureo cortisol when level is too high for short periods of time, have issues with short-term memory when level is too high for long periods of time, will do long-term damage to the hippocampus 10/24/2013 Personality - Personas – masks Greek actors wore during plays o This is the word that we get “personality” from - How consistent is personality? Is it something you always carry with you, or is behavior determined by situations? - How consistent is your personality over time? o Certain traits are steady, others are constantly changing - What are the major traits in personality? o Psychologists have tried to determine what the “core” personality traits are; the “big five” are: Openness Conscientiousness Extroversion/Introversion Agreeableness Neuroticism - There is some consistency in personality. - What are the explanations for personality? o Psychodynamic explanation – Freud’s explanation, the most popular and at the same time the most wrong First really thorough explanation to come forth o Learning explanation – your personality is a function of what you’ve learned; you learn your traits o Humanistic explanation – as humans we are motivated to grow to self actualization (the point at which we can experience ourselves and the world at great depth and enjoy it)o Cognitive explanation – personality is a result of how you view yourself and how you view the world o Physiological explanation – personality locked in by genes and levels of neurotransmitters in the brain - Psychodynamic Explanation o Sigmund Freud Born to a poor, Jewish family - Father was a wool merchant - Railroad was put in that bypassed their town, destroyedfather’s business Moved to Vienna when Freud was young - Social norm to focus all efforts on one child, and Freud was identified as the child who was going to get everything in his family o In Freud’s childhood, everything revolved around him - Freud was extremely smart – wanted to be a military man or politician, but these positions weren’t open to Jews o Became a physician instead - Coke addict for much of his early life – would buy it as a physician, and then use it and give it to his friends - Goes into practice and it is struggling- Josef Breuer – a successful physician; tells Freud about Anna O. o Treats Anna O. by talking to her every week, rather than treating her with medicineo Freud becomes intrigued by the idea of “the talking cure” o Wrote Studies in Hysteria together - When Breuer and Freud went really deep into Anna O’s and other women’s problems, a lot of sexual problems come up o Breuer and Freud LIED about Anna O. o Freudian movement based on LIES. - Emma Eckstein – started having nosebleedso Freud thought the nosebleeds were psychological o Just had gauze in her nose o Freud and one of his colleagues had already written
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