Lecture OnlyChapter 1 FreudChapter 2 Learning ExplanationsChapter 3 Cognitive ExplanationsPhysiological Explanations for PersonalityPsych 104 Personality Lecture Only Chapter 1 Freud I. Personality: a distinctive pattern of behavior that is relatively consistent across situations a. Situations or Personality more importantb. Behave differently in a bar than sitting in a lectureA. Some situations are more demanding than others a. In class: demanding b. In a bar: less demanding depending on what you are doing (partying, drinking)B. Personality changes in different situationsa. level of self-confidence changes frequently depending on period of timeC. If you have trouble with personality adjustment now, you will continue to have that II. The guy Freud- extremely influenced our thinking of personality A. Little bit about Freuda. Freud was born in Eastern Europe to a poor family b. Father lost job and went brokec. Got on train and went to Austria d. Most important child in the family, so he was the only one sent to school 1. Therefore he was the only child educated B. Freud went to medical school- but he really wasn’t interested in medicinea. Took semesters off to study other things b. Freud discovered cocaine and was one of the first users- thought it was great!c. Discovered by a colleague, thought Freud was REALLY smart1. Both of them started talking about their patients 2. One case, they discussed a lady who had a number of problems and weird symptoms 3. Having no success in treating her4. One day she started reminiscing on her childhood, found that her symptoms were related to her early childhood experiencesd. Our personality is related to our early childhood experiences (Make you who you are) C. Hysteria: symptoms that could not be explained medically but psychologically a. The two men wrote a book and said the lady got betterb. Just kidding. She was not better. She got worse, in and out of hospitals c. A lot of things Freud said or published were false, he did so because he had to be successful from his mom putting so much pressure on him 1. He knew they were false, but said them anyways2. Freud was wrong and a liar, but is still an influential person III. Psycho Analysis: Just start talking to patients, clear up early childhood experiences, and therefore clear up symptoms – the point is to not control what they are thinking or sayinga. However, no evidence that this treatment actually works b. Go through a series of psycho stages according to FreudA. Oral stage: the organ of ingestion of food, but also perception a. First thing baby does is put something in their mouthb. Freud says an important thing is to feed the baby on a schedule 1. When you feed an infant when they cry, they learn to scream when they needsomethingB. Anus Stage: Individual has to learn bowl and bladder controla. Learn it appropriately –Consequences when they don’t b. Lays down views to the child about how the world worksc. Child also learns about cleanliness and messinessC. Falic Stage (word for penis) Girls and boys learn the other one does not have what they have D. Adolescent Stage: a. Have no idea what he said hereIV. Neo Freudians Explanations (people who challenged Freud’s thought) A. Alfred Adler- it’s not penis envy, it’s not this or that, it is feelings of inferiority 1. Your life pattern is attempts to overcome inferiority B. Carl Jung- Austrian- Argued we are influenced by a collective unconscious 1. Unconscious memories of our entire existence (all the way back to embryos) a. that is why we are afraid of snakes, could have once been eaten C. Karen Horney1. First famous woman in psychology 2. Threw out most of what Freud said3. Personality was a function of how you associated with people at a young agea. isolation vs clinging A. Was Freud a Fraud? 1. YES. NO doubt. Chapter 2 Learning Explanations I. Classical Conditioning of Emotions and FearsA. Learn emotions through classical condition II. Operant Conditioning of BehaviorsA. Learn behaviors through punishment and rewardsIII. Example A. Woman was crazy and in a psych ward 1. Dressed herself with multiple layers, multiple dressesa. Treatment was to use punishment while she was in the hospitalb. Punished her for overdressing, but rewarded her for dressing normal 2. Hoarded hospital towels (stole them from carts) a. Gave her so many towels, she did not like them anymore IV. Differences in Conditionability and Personality A. Differences in what degree people can be conditioned 1. Influence their personality Chapter 3 Cognitive Explanations I. Thoughts and Expectations About OurselvesII. Thoughts and Expectations about Others III. Information Processing and Personality IV. Is this explanation backwards Physiological Explanations for Personality I. Personality due to different humors in the body- Sounds silly, neurotransmitters play important roles in personality II. Genes and PersonalityA. Individuals are more like there identical twins than their fraternal twins 1. Identical twins born together and raised together are very much the same2. Identical twins born together and raised apart are still a little the same3. Fraternal twins born together and raised together are similar but different 4. Fraternal twins born together and raised apart are differentB. Raised by biological parents, similar to parentsC. Raised by adoptive parents, different than parentsIII. Personality has to do with DNA and genesA. Genes have a high percentage of genetic componentsB. Genes count for 50% of personality, environmental factors are 50% 1. Not exactly true, have to take error out of the equation2. Genes count for at least 25% more than environmentIV. NeurotransmittersA. Parents who suffer from depression due to low levels of serotonin, the children will most likely also be depressed b/c they share the same genesB. Prozac- medication for depression C. Should we use medication to treat personality disorder, or just illnesses? V. HormonesA. Stimulate activity B. Testosterone: Male hormone responsible for aggression, etc. 1. Criminals who create violent acts have higher levels of testosterone C. Can have a hostile personality because of high levels of testosteroneD. Parental hormones influence your personality1. Hormones in mother while pregnant, influences baby brain development 2. Study done on monkeys injected with male hormones while still in the womb3. Monkeys who were injected, were much more aggressive 4. Females began acting like males, rose to the
View Full Document
Unlocking...