Basic Emotions- Paul Ekman:• Anger• Disgust• Fear• Happiness• Sadness• Surprise• Same facial emotions across the globe• Instinctive quality?Emotion:• A response involving:• Physiological arousal• Expressive behavior• Conscious experience (thoughts, feelings)Describing Emotion:• 2 Dimensions• Arousal (active/passive)• Valence (pos/neg)Emotional Theories:• James-Lange• Arousal → Emotion• pounding heart, perspiration; running → fear• Cannon-Bard Theory• Emotion and Arousal happen at the same time• sight of oncoming car; pounding heart and fear• Two-Factor Theory: Schachter-Singer• Arousal + Label → Emotion• pounding heart, perspiration + label (danger) → fear The MISattribution of Arousal:• According to Schachter-Singer (Two-Factor Theory), when aroused, we look to the environment for cues• Sometimes, we use the wrong cues to label our emotions• The Study: Dutton and Aron, 1974• Hypothesis: shaky bridge → arousal → label "love/lust" rather than "fear" if woman → call her• IV: Bridge/Arousal• High arousal- shaky bridge• Low arousal- sturdy bridge• Sex of researcher (M or F)• DV: Would P call the researcher?• Results: More calls with shaky• When crossing shaky bridge:• More likely to call researcher (misattribute arousal)• More likely to have sexual content in their storiesDetecting Emotion• Hard-to-control facial muscles reveal signs of emotions you may be trying to conceal• A feigned smile may continue for more than 4-5 seconds while a genuine smile will have faded by thenFacial Feedback Hypothesis:• Strack et al. (1988)• Activation of muscles can serve to intensify emotionBotox Study:• Ian Davis et al. (2010)• Change in emotional experience• Negative: Restylane feels emotion more than Botox• Mild: Botox feels negative emotion more than Restylane• Positive: Restylane feels emotion more than Botox Stress and Health:• Prolonged stress and unhealthy behavior contribute to the for leading causes of death in US today:• Heart disease ~3-%• Cancer ~23%• Stroke ~7%• Chronic lung disease ~5%• Stress:• The process in which environmental demands TAX or EXCEED the adaptive capacity of an organism, resulting in psychological and bilabial changes thatmay place persons at risk for
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