AMH 2020 Exam 3 Study Guide KEY TERMS National War Labor Board NWLB Formed in 1918 establishing an 8 hour work day time and half for overtime pay equal wages for women and promised the government it wouldn t strike if given legal right to unionize membership grows to 3 million by end of war Calvin Coolidge Massachusetts governor who fires entire Boston police force after they strike for better wages wins respect of Republican Party becomes VP nominee in 1920 Welfare Capitalism Labor relations stressing the importance of employee well being by employers given healthcare pensions etc small of companies provide this 5 of industrial workforce prosperous Americans become anti union blaming workers for inflation and other uncontrollable things immigrants coming to U S tarnish union reputation even more Nativism Political position favoring native citizens and promoting politicized racism hatred towards anyone not from the U S recalls hostility towards Irish and Germans fueling shift in immigration policy sign of isolation from rest of the world occurring from 1919 to 1941 Labor strikes labor strike on steel industry occurs where 350 000 workers demand 12 hour work day reduced and to be given the right to unionize Mexican workers hired instead to break strike child labor becomes problem in country union membership drops to only 10 of all workers Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Venzetti Arrested for murder during a robbery in 1920 Italian immigrants and anarchists who evaded the WWI draft convicted and placed in jail for 6 years sentenced to death due to extreme nativism and radical prejudice Tea Pot Dome Scandal Rock formation in Wyoming near where government officials were leasing oil reserves to oil companies using bribery Dollar Diplomacy Coined in 1924 by a missionary concept of the U S destroying the sovereignty of nations that it loaned money to through stationing troops within that country until it had paid back entire loans in full long lasting policy heavily criticized and in place until the 1930s in countries like Haiti El Salvador Nicaragua Bolivia and the Dominican Republic essentially these countries became U S possessions Bonus Army 15 000 unemployed WWI veterans hiked to Washington D C to ask that their pensions be paid out to pay for their living expenses army used drive the veterans out ordered by Hoover video of event released and drove Hoover s popularity down further Hoovervilles Made out of communities that became poor as a result of the Depression while Hoover did very little to assist them Franklin Delano Roosevelt Ran in 1932 with the promise to pursue vigorous action against the Great Depression wins easily under the relief recovery and reform platform wanted to preserve capitalism social values balance the budget and embodied hard work and sacrifice was willing to experiment to solve problems in U S had fireside chats every Sunday to address issues Hundred Days Plan during the first one hundred days of FDR s presidency to fix problems including banking failures agricultural overproduction business slump unemployment and the housing crisis 15 bills passed that changed the shape of America Never Weaken A film starring Harold Lloyd a young man who loves a woman working in the office next to his own the woman gets in trouble with her boss because of him so he gets her boss more clients to avoid his girlfriend getting fired after seeing her hugging another man Lloyd is devastated and tries to commit suicide in various ways but with no success he ends up with his life in jeopardy when he gets trapped on a metal frame of a building finally he gets down and he gets back with his girlfriend turned fianc e Agricultural Adjustment Act AAA allowed government to regulate the farm economy solved overproduction that lowed farm prices offered subsidies to farmers growing rice tobacco dairy wheat corn cotton and hogs to stop production of these items which stabilized prices benefits not evenly distributed as plantation owners received more money than African American sharecroppers National Recovery Administration NRA created by the National Industrial Recovery Act to set up self governing associations that determined prices within specific industries helped large corporations dominate the market and entrenched big business into the American economy Federal Emergency Relief Administration FERA Congress provide relief through this that gave federal funds to state reliefs programs and projects and also hired many of the unemployed putting people to work Civil Works Administration CWA Provided jobs for 2 6 million Americans and employed 4 million at its peak to build highways buildings fix bridges etc program lapses due to Republican opposition Civilian Conservation Core CCC Established as long term program to replace the CWA focused on issues like reforestation conservation and building up infrastructure in U S employed only men and hired 250 000 of them during the 1930s Federal Housing Administration FHA created by the Federal Housing Act that reworked mortgages and was the foundation for home ownership and renting changes in the U S Tennessee Valley Authority TVA Funded by Congress to integrate flood control reforestation generate electricity and promote overall development in the south building of dams across the south provided hydroelectric power to factories Rural Electrification Administration REA brought electricity to farms across the country led to 90 of farms having electricity by 1950 Revenue Act of 1935 Increased taxes on the wealthy and on large businesses corporations emphasized social justice issues and creating an economic safety net for people Welfare State Applied to industrial democracies that had applied a welfare safety net to aid people who had lost their jobs or were unable to work to earn money changes American society forever Social Security Act of 1935 SSA Provides old age pensions for workers and didn t require them to quit their jobs to get it compensated the unemployed and created a program of payments for the blind deaf or disabled most popular government program in history Medicare is second Classical Liberalism conservatives individual liberty is the foundation for democracy support for weak governments and a free market New Deal Liberalism liberals Government needed to help the poor and guarantee people will have welfare upon retirement New Deal Coalition Comprised of unions farmers white ethnic groups northern African Americans middle class families
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