Progressives Progressivism Test 2 Study Guide Progressivism was split into many categories some two big ones were the social justice movement and efficiency movement The populist movement helped poor people but started to fade away after the election of 1896 When a country gets involved with war people start to forget about problems at home The progressive Era 1900 1917 1 Progressivism reform movements at this time in the state federal and national level People believe that power should come from a mixture of the government private enterprise Conscience Social Justice Progressivism generally sought to reform society for the poor by organizing and lobbying to congress they sought laws that empowered the disempowered Muckrakers Roosevelt used this term to describe the people that scrape all the filth and shine a light for everyone to see it They would write about three conditions or areas that people really speculated exposed wrongdoing of the government officials exposed corruption in big businesses shed light on an array of social problems The writing favored and in the side of the poor rather than the rich Ida Tarbell She was a prominent muckraker She was the daughter of an oil refinery contractor that got consumed by Standard Oil Company This impacted her life and accused the leaders of the big corporations that put her father out of business Her book The History of the Standard Oil gathered a lot of support to progressivism Upton Sinclair Author of The Jungle in his book he brought attention to problems in the meatpacking industry and more He had lived both sides the poor lifestyle one with his parents and the rich side with his grandparents He wanted people to know how those people were being impacted and treated basically the workers were in slavery The jungle revealed the meatpacking industry and how people were stuck in poverty He wanted to cause outrage and because of this and the outrage that led after people organized the Pure Food and Drug Act This paved the way for the FDA an indirect effect of the jungle Welfare and Charity can change society There was a lot of private funds and charity this created a new employment as a social worker which from this led to know what we know as social workers today All they did was help people professionally The Settlement house movement was a British import people would go to Europe and bring back ideas They were basically houses built in poor places that middle class volunteers go out in the poor neighborhood and helped people Like in school daycare assimilating immigrants to the American society Jane Adams was a prominent settlement house leader She was rich her father owned banks grain mill also a founding member of the Republican Party She attended college when many couldn t observed many European settlement houses and brought it to the US Hull House main mission to help immigrant uplift enrich and educate them Most well known settlement house in the US Houses were growing mostly in the large cities where the immigrants are The Labor reform movement took on a lot of the labor movement goals that promoted labor reform Examples less wages 8 hour days etc Florence Kelley was a prominent leader in labor reform She promoted the eight hour day worked on the Muller V Oregon Case she was also famous for her work against sweat shops and eight hour day She lived in a settlement house and founded an organization against sweat shops Muller V Oregon in this case it pitied a small businesses owner Oregon passed a law that can t work more than 10 days for health reasons Muller was convicted by this law for overworking women more than 10 hours Got fined 10 dollars This case went all the way to the Supreme Court The Labor Movement got behind Oregon Soon Florence Kelley signed up with Oregon to help them make a defense Kelley teams up with Louis Brandeis Louis Brandeis was a lawyer a militant crusader for the labor movement He became known as the people attorney In 1916 Brandeis was put in the Supreme Court this created a lot of controversy Brandeis Brief presented statistical data and sociological evidence This impacted how the Supreme Court viewed cases and changed how future cases were argued If a woman worked for more than 10 hours hurt her health and morals was the conclusion of the brief Oregon won the case Efficiency Progressives active from the 1890 s through the 1930 s Advocated for the efficiency and argued that all aspects of the economy society and government needed to get rid of the waste and inefficiency that was present Advocates sought to use expertise science and new social sciences to identify and fix the nation s problems Waste is the big problem Conservation Movement key was to protect the resources that were being wasted and to efficiently use it but needed wise management Conservation efficiency and multiple resources Inland Waterway Commission tasked with the job of studying the nation s major waterways in order to find ways to efficiently and effectively develop more use for the resource Multiple Use Approach the commission embraced this and it was a plan development to promote as many uses as possible Gifford Pinchot first chief of the US forest service one of the first academically trained foresters proponent of wise use policy exploit natural resources sustainably He was a leading conservationist Frederick Taylor he was from a wealthy Quaker family Extended the steel industry as a machinist He moved up because he noticed and dealt with a lot of inefficiencies found ways on how to improve how to make steal Then became a consultant for big businesses to cut cost and improve efficiency and manufacture the goods more efficiently Scientific management replaced the rule of thumb method and got rid of it took science as an approach They studied and learned how things are being done and make it better Business needed to scientifically hire and train new workers Needed to set up a program or a way to train workers Someone needed to assist and supervise the workers to check if the workers are doing their jobs right Also the corporations needed to divide the work equally between workers and managers Managers really need to manage and make sure everything is being done right They put more emphasis on the management then the work Reinforced the idea that workers were interchangeable Progressivism should not be a considered as a block or one big thing it had different approaches and ideas Progressivism 2 Assassination of William
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