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7 16 12 Urban America Immigration all economic development after civil war creates many opportunities Nearly 11 million immigrants enter this country between 1860 1890 More than 2 million stepped upon 1880s rushing t orrent more than 5 million people 1882 more than 7 880 arrived 2100 a day 1903 number is exceeded Assimilated British Isles Western europe and northern Germany Scandinavia fair skin angelosaxin usually protestant boasted high degree of literacy Accustomed to some type of constitutional gov They were familiar with culture in the US It was easy to fit in once they came 1880s new immigration Substantial portion of new arrivals came from southern and eastern europe italians croats Magyars Greeks Poles looked different and were not familiar with the type of institutions that those that came from w europe and British islands Did the nation become a melting pot Dumping ground People came because US was Land of opportunity Parents trying to give their children a better life Those who came wrote to other people about how great life was in the US we eat here everyday what we only eat for easter back home Religious freedom absences of ruling caste education wasn t that high and they don t Profit seeking americans would travel around Europe talking about attractions about the Industrialists needed cheap laborers RRs wanted buyers for their land states wanted more population steam ship wanted more cargo for their hold look the same etc Promised Land Its all about money Anti Foreignism Nativism happening right now hispanics Fear of foreigners Southern and Eastern Europe were mostly catholic illiterate poverty stricken Lived together in packed cities Little Italys Little Polands became the slums Old line americans Protests inferior people coming from eastern europe about original angelosaxin paristants stock would be outvoted mongrolizes by inferior southern european blood Fear that the mixing is going to destroy something important T B Aldrich Poet Unguarded gates 1895 From New England ancestors on May Flower Last line Oh liberty white godess is it well to leave the gates unguarded Meaning we have to be more careful about letting everyone come Beginning talks about great things about this world then second verse Nativism poem Close to segregation If you dont look talk etc like me youre not an american employers could drop wages because of how many workers they got Willing to work for nothing Use violence when on strikes Asians aka Coolies Chinese had entered the pacific ports during Gold Rush days continued to come Labor was welcome at first Especially for building for RR Docile worked for low wages expendable By depression years with thousands of whites out of work they were no longer welcome Economic Because they were thrifty they were criticized Chinese on W coast are blacks are in the S Abused hanged murdered Those most active against chinese were the Irish and Irish themselves faced this kind of hospitality when they arrived Irish Dennis Kearney Leader of Working Men s Party Claimed chinese were driving wages down Many resented them for accepting lower wages Greatest sin Perpetuating those disgusting habits of thrift industry and self denial First restrictive law closed gates in the face of criminals and convicts Return at the expense at the person who brought them in 2nd restrictive law 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act President Chester Arthur signs Law brought far bared one racial group Barred Chinese immigrants from entering countries for 10 years Later renewed and 1904 made permanent One keeps criminals from keeping over the other prevents all chinese from entering country The way they are getting rid of immigrants not getting rid of illegal immigrants 1885 congress passed that importation of workmen under contract is illegal Couldn t recruit chinese to come over and work Americans felt threatened by blacks irish eventually fit in Chinese Problems of Immigrants and their descendants to put down new cultural roots To replace the old Language and customs held onto children rebelled and abandon who they are Put aside old war ways and replaced with new world equivalent leads them drifting In an effort to be an American abandon cultural heritage Americans believe they must do so Began to value their contribution to the US didn t need to be ashamed of their roots We did not come empty handed but brought a rich heritage New cultures continue to come dont fit in The City immigrants end up in urban areas Vast cityward movement gathering momentum 1860 no US city could boast a million people 1890 NY a nightmare in stone Chicago Philadelphia had more than a million people 1900 NY 3 5 million people was second largest city in the world 1st London NY dubbed Nightmare in stone In 1840 only 1 12 lived in city More people are leaving their farms and going to cities Speeded up my machine made jobs Seductive high wages Menonmpty of living on farms People barely making it on farms Many advances were very alluring in cities and transportation The Slums Thousands of people trapped in shacks City may be more exciting but not better Crime and Corruption Tweed Ring in NY Reformers and Philanthropists Tried to improve living situations Provide places for children to play Relief food and clothing Sell houses with specific focus on immigrants Settlement Houses Reformers bothered by conditions in slums Tried to make life better and easier for immigrants Ex Hull House 1889 Opened by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Star Attempted to provide social educational advantages that immigrants lacked If you did not speak language providing them a skill Improve life of slums YWCA 1858 YMCA 1851 Salvation Army Response to condition in urban areas Women s Christian Temperance Union WCTU Franics Williard Attacked liquor in those who sold and consumed Policy was mental suaisn and moral suasin and legal suaisn Carrie A Nation first husband died of alcoholism lord kept talking to her and tell her to smash saloons and did so occasionally attack bartender violence of her crusade Mary Sheriff Wrecked local joint with hatchet Flying Squadron of Jesus smashed saloons Illinois Indiana and Ohio Tried to control drinking and stop it The Hatchet newspaper against alcohol Anti Saloon League 1893 Liquor was thought to be destroying the home money spent on this instead of taking care of their family 7 17 12 Repose of the Church Response to slums was indecisive Last two decades of 19th century saw the Development of the Social Gospel The


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FSU AMH 2020 - Urban America

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