History Notes Battle of Antietam 23 000 dead 9 17 1862 Emancipation Proclamation an executive order issued by Lincoln on 1 1 1863 which proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the ten states then in rebellion Immediately freed 50 000 slaves The Proclamation did not compensate the owners did not itself outlaw slavery and did not make the ex slaves freedmen citizens Compromise of 1850 a package of 5 bills passed in September 1850 Texas became much bigger California was admitted as a free state with its current boundaries A stronger Fugitive Slave Act and slave trade was banned in Washington D C John Brown Was an American revolutionary abolitionist who in the 1850s advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to abolish slavery in the United States Vicksburg May July 4th 1863 Ulysses S Grant and his army siege the city of Vicksburg Gettysburg July 1 3 1863 The battle with the largest number of casualties in the Civil War turning point in the war Election of 1864 Abraham Lincoln Republican VS George B McClellan Democrat Appomattox fought the morning of April 9 1865 was the final engagement of the Civil War Political Reconstruction 1865 1868 1866 1868 Radical Reconstruction 12 1863 4 1865 Presidential Reconstruction Andrew Johnson 1865 1866 Driven by Republican Party split split up because of discrepancies on how to treat the Southern states Moderate Lincoln South should not be punished as harshly he had family that fought in the Confederate army December 1963 Lincoln s 10 plan All confederates except the main leaders were able to regain citizenship by supporting the constitution and the 13th amendment no slavery When 10 of the state had accepted the offer could set up State Government recognized by president Arkansas Louisiana and Tennessee Radical Wade Sumner and Stevens Wade Davis Bill July 1864 Senator Wade and Representative Henry Davis They were afraid that the 10 plan didn t protect the slaves enough and that congress not Lincoln should control the reconstruction process They wanted a majority not just 10 to accept the offer Also leaders and soldiers in the Confederate army could never be declared a U S citizen again Andrew Johnson April 15 1865 Raised in Tennessee hated people born in poor family was a suit tailor slave owner and a racist The Radicals were at first excited that he was president His Reconstruction Plan People with more than 20 000 in taxable property have to write him a personal letter apologizing He appointed a personal governor for each Ex Confederate State They were to call for a constitutional convention which made succession illegal the only delegates able to vote were the white population Problems with Johnson s Plan Ex Confederates were elected to State Conventions and were placed back in power The 13th Amendment was not ratified in many Ex Confederate states because the Southern slave owners thought they would receive money for their slaves and all their property 39th Congress 1865 9 Representatives 6 Senators Committee was not dominated by the Radicals Consisted of 3 key pieces of legislation 1 Freedmen s Bureau Extension Act Assist freed slaves and poor whites by distributing food clothing and providing schooling Andrew Johnson vetoed this bill and the Republicans were not able to get the 3 5 majority needed to overturn the veto The Radicals and Moderates not hated Andrew Johnson 2 Civil Rights Act of 1866 Former slaves would not be discriminated when finding jobs The federal Government could intervene if the states did not comply and treat the slaves equally Johnson also vetoed this bill except this was the first time that Congress ever overrode the President s veto 3 14th Amendment Reinforced the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Every former slave is now 1 person 1 vote no longer treated as 3 5 This Amendment forbids Confederates from holding office in Congress And also said that there would be no payments made for their slaves that were taken away Andrew Johnson decided to start a campaign on a train which became known as Swing Around the Circle This next midterm election decided who was going to control the South President or the Congress Radical Republicans gained many congress seats which was a huge WIN because Johnsons campaign was a DISASTER Ex Parte Milligan December 1866 The Supreme Court decided that military courts were now illegal wherever Civilian Courts existed This took away all power from the Freedmen s Bureau to protect ex slaves because they were all being judged by friends with the same views so justice was very often NOT served Congressional Reconstruction Tennessee was the only Southern State with a Government since is was 5 years old and was in very good shape Divided the South into 5 military districts used troops to protect life and to keep order in the cities No southern state can have its own Government again until ex slaves were guaranteed the right to vote and accepted the 14th Amendment Congress impeached Johnson because he removed his Secretary of War Edwin Stamton in 1868 without telling anyone However the conviction failed by 1 vote and Johnson remained President SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTION 4 Million slaves were free after the Civil War Slave marriages were not secure so wives could be separated from their husbands and taken away Therefore the first thing the slaves did once they were free was to attempt to find their missing family members and others just tried to find materials necessary for their survival They most often came back to their plantation asking for help Oliver Howard was in charge of the Freedmen s Bureau He set up 40 hospitals and areas to deliver food 1 ration of food was considered to be enough food for one person to survive on for 1 week they handed out 21 million rations of food There were not a lot of troops to help support only 18 000 The Ku Klux Klan started off as a group of Veterans gathering together for social meetings Their founder was General Nathan Forrest Their goal was to keep the Republicans out of the South and to restrict the slaves freedom Jackson County had 175 murders in 11 years 1866 1871 the KKK Act sent Klan members who were caught to prison The more recent Klan was based off immigration issues but then it was expanded to everyone else that they didn t like Black Codes lasted until 1867 they were rules which essentially placed freed men in a form of slavery First started off in Mississippi and South Carolina in the late 1865 Slaves couldn t own their own land They often signed
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