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AMH 2020 Monday January 30 2012 Preparing for Invasion 1898 National Guard is mobilized to go fight in Cuba Most of the soldiers that fight in Cuba are volunteers Black soldiers that have been stationed on the frontier also go to Cuba to fight There was discrimination against black soldiers to fight couldn t go to certain restaurants restrooms etc US Army and all volunteering units leave Tampa In June 1898 they leave Tampa and land in Cuba Rough Riders first US volunteer Calvary regiment o Guys from all sorts of backgrounds that wanted to go to Cuba to fight o Had been cowboys out west drove cattle out west worked on ranches out west some were even polo players from Harvard ivy league graduates o Their leader Theodore Roosevelt had been assistant secretary of the Navy Resigned his cabinet position so he could fight in Cuba The fighting takes place at the South Eastern end of the Island in Santiago Cuba because the Spanish battleship fleet was going to raid the Eastern coast of the United States The US figured that if they destroyed the Spanish fleet they would surrender o All fighting takes place on hills around Santiago Ex Confederate Major General that became a general named Joseph Wheeler o Now was US General and led US Army in Cuba o Comes down with malaria gets fever and goes crazy o Come on boys we got the damn Yankees on the run first thing he hallucinates yells because of the illness Thought he was fighting the US Army in the Civil War San Juan Hill July 1 1898 and Kettle Hill o Rough riders were assigned to attack San Juan Hill o Blacks were assigned to attack Kettle Hill o The Black regiments found themselves in the heat of the regiment and took San Juan Hill o Spanish Fleet had no choice but to break out of San Juan Hill o And on July 3 1898 In Battle of Santiago the Spanish Fleet was destroyed o Santiago and the rest of Cuba surrender shortly after o US also landed in Puerto Rico and seized it from the Spanish Government o Seized the Philippines as well o 280 US soldiers died in combat 250 000 died of disease o Walter Reed discovered the disease was spread by mosquito bites advances in medicine are made to fight this Aftermath of the War o 280 Americans die as a result of battle o 2 500 die as a result of disease o Treaty of Paris December 1898 Spain recognizes Cuban independence Spain cedes Guam and Puerto Rico to the US US paid 20 million for the Philippines United States received a 99 year lease on Guantanamo Bay and maintained a right to intervene if Cuba was ever threatened US decided to make Philippines of the US Moved In a governor and began running it Philippine War of 1899 1902 o 4 000 American soldiers die in Philippines from 1899 1902 o US did several things to help themselves began torturing the prisoners to find out where hideouts were used the same strategy that Whaler used in Spanish American war moved villagers into guarded camps no food or medical care and thousands died in these camps Also they burned villages o 3 year war o Very ugly conflict o More than 50 000 200 000 Filipinos died Insurgent a rebe o o Emilio Aguinaldo ended He was the leader of insurrection captured in 1901 resistance fell apart and Filipino war Became the highest civilian official in the Philippines afterwards Douglass McCarther general When news of Filipino deaths reaches the US people began questioning the motives of Americans American Empire 1900 it o Democrats testify against expansion and imperialism Republicans push for o Democrats thought that money should be used to tackle American problems at home to expand not overseas and countries abroad o First time the US took a step on the stage in 1898 an empire a world player Europe takes notice THE PROGRESSIVE ERA 1900 1912 Early Progressivism o Began in big eastern cities NY Boston etc Wanted to stop corruption in city management Began pushing for city commissioners elected by certain districts to make sure services were overseen over the Mayor s power make sure people stayed happy Midwestern states o Also had its roots in Felt voice wasn t heard in Presidential races Presidential primaries so every state gets a fair say in who is the Presidential contender not done in 1800s but began at this time o Conditions that demanded reform same people ruled the cities for years wanted change Breakdown of the moral code people felt that businesses did not care about the consumer sold impure medicines and rotten foods to consumers just Were using Child Labor put in factories so companies could maximize their profits 8 years of age Growth of monopolies Big businesses could get away with it because only a few businesses would control all of the businesses in the US example one company controlled all of the meat packing in the United States Consumers HAD to buy from them Concentration of wealth People were concerned that 1 of population in 1900s owned 50 of the wealth 12 of the population owned 90 of the wealth Wanted income distribution now also known as income tax Wanted everyone to have an equal share in the wealth Progressive people set this up Government bribery Election of 1900 o William McKinley ran for re election vs Theodore Roosevelt o Teddy Roosevelt came back from Cuba as a Hero he became the governor of New York and began instituting reforms in the City cleaned up state government no more corruptions regulation of business etc o They wanted Roosevelt chosen as VP so he could be put on committee and then fade away after 4 years o Roosevelt was 42 years old came from a very wealthy NY family went to Harvard When he graduated at the age of 22 his first job was election to the NY state legislature at the age of 23 He got married and when he was in his early 30s his mother and wife died on the same day in 1889 He had a nervous breakdown and he left NY to help his grief and turned out in a cattle ranch in north Dakota and became a rancher and farmboy He shows he can do the work of a cowboy for 3 years and rebuilds his mental health He comes back to NY and re enters politics and gets remarried In 1898 he leaves his position in Washington to go fight wanted to prove he wasn t a city boy and that he could get his hands dirty o o VP of McKinley beat William Jennings Bryan o September 6 1901 William McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz an anarchist who believed formal gov should not exist He dies 8 days later on Sept 14 Teddy Roosevelt becomes PRESIDENT


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FSU AMH 2020 - Preparing for Invasion, 1898

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