Pursuit of happiness 2 Jim Crowe laws in south and economic exploitation still exist 1 Civil rights movement is 2nd reconstruction and defines liberalism a Rights liberalism protects people from discrimination b Necessary expansion of liberalism to meet American ideals c Conservatism is brought back to fight liberalism d Protest organizations inspire people to look back to constitution a Political economic and social segregation b 20 of eligible voters could actually vote because of poll taxes c white Americans given more political power in N and S d white people leave cities and move to suburbs as blacks move into downtown neighborhoods and ghettos in the cities e blacks receive employment discrimination and lack of adequate training f cold war makes people reconsider segregation i if we protest segregation abroad how can we have it at home literacy tests etc 3 Double V Campaign a Victory at home and abroad b Met with much resistance c Factories shut down because of hate strikes d NYC bus boycott during cold war e Non violent ways to combat discrimination i Congress on Racial Equality education to fight for civil rights ii Black war veterans go to school on GI bill and can use iii Jackie Robinson integrating baseball iv African American vote becomes more important to politicians 4 Strom Thurmond 1 Truman supports civil rights 2 Exec Order to desegregate military a Forms Dixie crats and is pro segregation b Brings into focus the internal political struggle of New Deal coalition and democrats 5 Truman concerned with how US is presented to rest of the world better than Americanism 6 Thurgood Marshall Charles Hamilton Huston and Pasty a USSR uses segregation propaganda to show why communism is b USSR compares American racism to Nazi s treatment of Jews c McCarthyism set back Civil Rights Movement a NAACP lawyers who want to bring segregation to courts b Argue most of NAACP cases c Marshall is later appointed as first black SCOTUS justice d Had to choose the best case to bring to SCOTUS e Stops white primaries and segregation in universities through f Linda Brown black female student various court cases i Brown v Board of Ed 1 Equal protection of laws ii Court later declares that integration must occur Southerners iii Southerners join white citizen councils to block integration in iv Southern Manifesto 101 congress members denounce Brown 2 Overturns Plessey v Ferguson and outlaws segregation called this socialism and communism schools some even join KKK decision as abuse of judicial power urges local officials to defy this law 7 Eisenhower does not want to be involved in civil rights a Believed Brown decision to be mistake but has to enforce b Little Rock Arkansas SCOTUS decision i Gov doesn t allow black people into schools ii Eisenhower sends troops to little rock to protect black iii First president to use fed troops for blacks since students reconstruction 8 Emmitt Till 1955 a 14 year old in Mississippi seen talking to white woman b reportedly called her baby or whistled c kidnapped tortured and murdered d found at bottom of river tied with barbed wire and mutilated e mother has open casket funeral pictures of body printed in f trial becomes national concern g Mose Wright identified killers at trial h All white jury find the 2 killers innocent i 2 men admit to crimes in magazine interview but are still not magazines jailed 9 fall 1955 a civil rights activists hold non violent protests b Dec Rosa Parks refuses to give up bus seat c Rev Martin Luther King Jr i Long time NAACP member ii Act was not spontaneous i Practiced teachings of Gandhi for non violent protests ii Boycotts bus system not the 1st after Rosa Parks is arrested 1 381 day boycott known as Montgomery Bus Boycott 2 Nov 1956 SCOTUS rules bus segregation unconstitutional 3 My feet is tired by my soul is rested 1957 MLK and Robert Abernathy form Southern Christian Leadership Conference SCLC a has African American churches lend moral and organizational support to civil rights movement b joins NAACP Feb 1960 sit in at lunch counters a Blacks take seats at lunch counter b Sit at counter for 3 weeks take turns c Taunted by whites who threw food etc d Many arrested e Idea of sit ins spread to other places a Organizes sit ins in cities across the south Ella Baker forms Student Non violent Coordinating Committee 10 11 12 b Many participants are jailed c Most important student protest organization d Not bureaucratized or centralized uses people on the ground e First time Black college students become significant in civil rights level movement 13 Congress on Racial Equality organize Freedom rides on buses a KKK members would assault buses with freedom riders b State authorities refuse to support freedom riders c JFK does not deliver civil rights bill because he doesn t want to 14 15 Civil Rights Bill of 1960s loose southern votes i Discouraged Freedom riders because they are dangerous ii RFK dispatches marshals to south for protection Eisenhower creates Civil Rights legislation in 1950s filibustered and not successful a MLK called for demonstrations in Birmingham Alabama b May 1963 black marchers picket department stores c Public Safety Commissioners permit violent enforcement against d Letter from Birmingham Jail MLK picketers i Argues for actions of Civil Rights activists ii Americans have moral decision of whether segregation is just or congress decisions are just 16 1963 Gov George Wallace barred students from entering e JFK outraged at MLK s imprisonment University of Alabama a JFK denounces him on TV and claims he will pass a civil rights bill 2nd emancipation proclamation speech 17 Medgar Evers president of Mississippi chapter of NAACP a Shot in back at his own home in Miss on same night as JFK s 18 Volunteers coordinate transportation across the country to get to DC on August 28th 1963 a 28 000 people march on Washington for jobs and freedom b MLK delivers I have a dream speech i MLK is made the public face of civil rights movement 19 Nov 22 1963 LBJ democrat made president i Outlawed discrimination in employment on basis of race a Makes Civil Rights a priority b Very persuasive c Tough political bargaining d Overcomes Southern filibusters e Passes Civil Rights Act of 1964 religion natural origin or sex 1 Equal Opportunity Commission created to enforce ii Equal access to public accommodations and schools i Anyone can go to any school ii Gives US attorney General power to enforce law 20 African American Voting rights a
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