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Exam 1 Reconstruction Plans Congress Although he had deep contempt for the south he just wanted to Lincoln return America back to normal forgive and forget He provides the Proclamation of Amnesty in which the South gets everything back except for slaves upon entering the union Doesn t count for generals and 10 of population must take oath Angered by Lincoln s forgiving plan congressmen Wade and Davis MD and OH joined to form the Wade Davis bill in which 50 of the state must take oath and banned confederates from taking part in politics drafting new constitution However Lincoln never signed the bill and let it die Hates planters and blamed them for the recession He was the only senator from a confederate state to remain loyal to the union Only accepted the emancipation because he hated planters Did not support black rights Basically was very forgiving of the south and made them ratify the 13th amendment which outlawed slavery Andrew Johnson South is forced to pay black people to work by setting up contracts and providing food shelter but they still disciplined them and required them to be subordinate and obedient compulsory free labor Neither blacks nor the white planters were happy in this setup Freedmen s Bureau Distributed food and clothing to destitute southerners and eased the transition of blacks from slaves to freedmen Also General Sherman gave them land South was very hard about accepting even the light reconstruction ideals of Johnson Some rejected the 13th and others created ways around them through constructing a new constitution with black codes denying blacks the rights such as owning guns being on a jury and made it a crime to say an insult Blacks needed to provide working documentation or were sent to a plantation Children were taken away from unfit parents and sent to a guardian plantation Johnson refused to intervene saying they had the right to write their own constitutions After vetoing the first effort congress designed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 which nullified black codes and ended black discrimination in state laws 14th Amendment was passed noting anyone born in the US was a naturalized citizen Also it said that any state denying a male the right to vote would have their representation in congress slashed This was a win win for the republicans However this ignored the American Equal Rights Association lobbied by Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton in their effort to legalize women s suffrage TN was the only state to ratify the amendment Johnson fired Stanton of TN without senate s approval and was impeached for it but later was acquitted With the 15th Amendment ratified it extended suffrage to blacks in the north too Carpetbaggers who were white men so poor they could fit everything they owned in a bag headed south looking to make a living Sharecropping emerged from the struggle between newly freed slaves trying to keep their freedom from plantation owners looking for slaves Planters would divide their land into small farms rented by freedmen paying with a share of the crop each year usually 50 Gave them more freedom because they could work when and how long hard This system didn t work because they had to pay back merchant who advanced them money for some of their crops with high interest rates This sometimes left the sharecropper empty handed Leads to a drop in cotton price Republican Ulysses S Grant is elected as president Not as great a president as he is a general He appoints his general friends to office but they are all corrupt and people do not trust him because he continues to fail seeing corruptness He shifts country s attention away from reconstruction and towards solving their current depression The south was extremely poor Tried to stop Klan violence but couldn t cause the local officials were not enforcing their laws Is reconstruction even working Democrats begin taking all white men from Republican Party to their side They intimidate blacks into voting democrat Republican Rutherford B Hayes wins in one of the closest elections ever to become president Runs not on reconstruction but improving the economy With a wide array of land in the west the US pushed relocated Indian tribes to a territory west of Mississippi This was known as the Indian problem Many people were migrating west to prosper economically or escape discrimination Women were allowed to vote in WY White travelers destroyed the land and brought diseases while the Indians were forced onto land that was unproductive While building the RR west Americans killed the thousands of buffalo that were in the way decimating their numbers to almost nothing The US wanted to civilize the Indians and in an effort to do so they forced them onto farming In addition it took their kids and sent them to boarding schools Congress passes the Dawes Severalty Act which takes away the idea of a plantation and divides the Indian s land into private properties for each Indian They end up with less land total in the end Indians infuriated white men by raiding ranches and retreating to reservations where they could not be attacked At Wounded Knee Sitting Bull was killed for participating in the Ghost Dance His people surrendered and laid their weapons down but when one accidentally misfired the troops massacred them all Little Big Horn was the last stand for the Sioux When offered money for their land since gold was found on it they refused saying it was sacred and no money could purchase it General Custer attacked and was beat by the Indians badly Chidington attacks peaceful group of Indians and kills them all Sioux and Arapahoe revolt by killing white people The gold rush brought many people out west most notably the location Comstock Lode many searched for silver Compact towns would appear around these areas with crazy things such as a Shakespeare theater but were almost just as drastically abandoned when the lode ran out Virginia City The west was very diverse with Indians blacks Hispanics etc Farming in the west was difficult because of the land Locusts were a huge problem Dry farming was a technique in which they dug deep furrows to damp soil that holds rain Only problem is it worked best with just 180 acres and was not sustainable There were 2 main things influencing the rush to the trans Mississippi West First the Homestead Act promised land to anyone who settled on the land for 5 years and made attempts to improve it Second the RR made it available to more settlers Women played the


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FSU AMH 2020 - Exam 1

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