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09 05 11 The Third Party System and the Rise of the Republican Party AMH2020 Exam 1 Review 1 The Third Party System a A term of periodization that refers to the period between 1854 to 1890 b Development in the issues of nationalism modernization and race c Dominated by the new Republican party which claimed success in saving the Union abolishing slavery and enfranchising the freedmen while adopting many Whiggish modernization programs such as national banks railroads high tariffs and homesteads i The Whig Party Founded in 1834 to unite factions opposed to President Andrew Jackson the party favored federal responsibility for internal improvements the party ceased to exist by the late 1850s after party members divided over the slavery issue d Issues concerned were i Nationalism ii The civil war iii Modernization iv Prohibition v Racial Right sweeps 1 The lifestyle of the north would sweep through the south and end their way of life The south feared modernization and preferred the use of slaves e Realignment throughout American elections parties and policymaking routinely shift in swift dramatic i Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 Law sponsored by Illinois senator Stephen A Douglas to allow settlers in newly organized territories north of the Missouri border to decide the slavery issue for themselves 1 Fury over the resulting nullification of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 led to violence in Kansas and to the formation of the Republican party 2 Rise of the Republican Party a Emerged in 1854 after the Kansas Nebraska Act It had almost no presence in the south but in the north it enlisted former Whigs and was very popular Based on northern white Protestants businessmen professionals factory workers wealthier farmers and blacks i The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 ended the domination of the fragile coalition of pro b Against the Expansion of Slavery slavery southern Democrats c For Expansion of Federal Government d For Protectionism i The republicans were able to promote modernization create high tariffs enforce the first temporary income tax create paper money issued without backing greenbacks create railroads and provide aid to education and agriculture i The economic policy of restraining trade between states through methods such as tariffs on imported goods restrictive quotas and a variety of other government regulations designed to allow fair competition between imports and goods and services produced domestically ii Tariffs Federal tax on imported goods 3 Republicans in Power a The Morrill Tariff of 1861 b The Revenue Act of 1861 i Protective tariff created in 1861 that was passed because many of the tariff adverse southerners had left congress after their states declared their secession ii Raised rates to protect and encourage industry and the high waged of industrial workers i ii Included the first U S federal income statute Imposed an income tax to be levied collected and paid upon the annual income of every person residing in the United States whether such income is derived from any kind of property or from any profession trade employment or vocation c Paper Currency i Demand Notes a type of paper money issued in between 1861 1862 during the Civil War 1 First type of paper money issued by the united states 2 Government placed the demand notes into circulation by using them to pay expenses incurred during the Civil War ii Legal Tender Notes 1 Replaced demand notes in 1862 and took the name of greenbacks 2 Form of fiat currency money that has value only because of government regulation or law 09 07 11 Early Reconstruction 1893 1870 1 Goals of Reconstruction a Southern states would be readmitted into the union after 10 percent of the population would take a loyalty oath and disavowed slavery b All southern states were forced to ratify the 13th amendment abolishing slavery 2 Presidential Reconstruction a Lincoln s Reconstruction i Lincoln issued a Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction under which any confederate state could form a Union government whenever a number equal to 10 percent of those who had voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the Constitution and Union and received a presidential pardon ii Emancipation Proclamation 1863 President Abraham Lincoln issued a preliminary proclamation in September 1862 freeing the slaves in the Confederate states as of January 1863 the date of the final proclamation iii The 13th Amendment Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction iv Radical Republicans Senators and congressmen who strictly identifying the civil war with the abolitionist cause sought swift emancipation of the slaves punishment of the rebels and tight controls over the former Confederate states after the war 1 Thaddeus Stevens was a republican leader and wrote much of the financial legislation that paid for the American Civil War Thaddeus was also one of the prim leaders of the Radical Republicans during reconstruction v Benjamin Butler was a leader of the Union army and was a member of the House of Representatives where he was a Radical Republican and wrote the initial version of the Civil Rights Act of 1871 aka Ku Klux Klan Act i After Lincoln was assassinated Johnson took over as a War pro Union Democrat ii He held that the rebellious states should be quickly brought back into their proper relation to the Union because the states and the Union were indestructible His plan to restore the union closely resembled Lincolns iii Southern whites ignored his advice to move cautiously in restoring their political and social traditions iv The Freedman s Bureau Controversy 1 Freedmen s Bureau Reconstruction agency establish in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education jobs health care and landowning 2 Johnson challenged congress when he vetoed a bill to extend the life of the Freedmen s Bureau After being shutdown Johnsons public and political support steadily eroded 1 Reaffirms the state and federal citizenship of all persons regardless of race born or naturalized in the US and it forbids any state to abridge the privileges and immunities of v 14th Amendment b Andrew Johnson s Reconstruction 3 Radical Reconstruction citizens to deprive any person of life liberty or property without due process of law or to deny any person the equal protection of the laws a Congress


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FSU AMH 2020 - Exam 1 Review

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