AMH2020 Exam 3 Notes World War One The United States The war and peace The European Crisis power blocks Triple Alliance Central Powers Germany Austria Hungary Allied Powers France Russia Great Britain England concerned with building up their power tensions peaked Woodrow Wilson US not directly involved sympathy is present Public feeling tended to side with the Allies because of the expert British propaganda against German tendencies Woodrow Wilson is president at the time US must remain neutral and thought as well as in the Despite this first 6 months of the war we had little trouble with germany but a lot with Great Britain keep up More trouble with Britain because they have a great naval power and we want to We are the largest neutral shipper we ship to any country it was to great britain s advantage to keep us from shipping to Germany Relationship with Great Britain England England redefines everything in contraband goods that have been imported or exported illegally so they make exports to germany illegal England establishes a blockage to Germany Meanwhile american ships seized and taken to british ports and held there for weeks British mined north sea established a war zone No neutral dared sailed through without getting directions or permission from the english By mining the north see what did they get gives them an opportunity to search the ship and retrieve cargo they found Mining the north sea is a Serious departure from international law this isn t the way things have been done Germany Protest US but not officially Even though we declared neutral there was an indication of how not we were Loans given to English and none to Germany US shipping tons of ammunition to british which would be used against germany Germany protest and nothing is done they are upset Germany Because of the blockade there is partial justification for unrestricted submarine 1915 germany established a war zone around british isles and would destroy any merchant ships in that zone Germany use of submarines again this questions international law just as the International Law No belligerent could destroy an unresisted merchant ship without first stopping it and determining its identity and then making provisions for safety of the crew warfare British did Stop Identity Safety Did not make sense to Germany because you had to surface and one you did it was very easy to sink it US protest very vigorously against Germany establishing war zone in british isles they hadn t protested when British declared North Sea as a war zone both sides violated English and Germany but US only protest Germany German Submarine Warfare Lusitania Torpedo off the coast of ireland Sank by germany 128 americans died Germany expressed regret that americans have been killed but it declared that it been self defense Later discovered that were was ammunition on Lusitania but whether germans even knew that is slim Arabic at least 2 americans aboard Many companies in the US making war materials and there are attempts to sabotage Sussex Unarmed french passenger ship so it was an ALLIED ship the ship was mistaken for a minelayer and torpedoed by a German U boat Most dangerous diplomatic crisis 1916 Note to germans from Wilson unless they stopped the present method of submarine warfare then US would sever diplomatic relations Sussex Pledge Germany made in response to Wilson They would obey laws No merchant and passenger ships sunk without proper precautions string attached Germany thought that since US was obeying the international law that Britain would do so too Accepted the pledge but without the string For the next 9 months german subs on good behavior US again has more problems with british now than with Germany US Protested Britain but not a lot and it meant very little Britain knew US could not taken action against her War Enters New Phase 1917 Germany proclaimed submarine warfare once again Calculated risk that german felt they had to take Risk that military was forcing on civilian officials Because the starvation blockage was really working Without subs they would lose Had to take a chance the US would hurt them more as a belligerent than as a German military officials said they had to wouldn t do more damage than if US After announcing they would submarine warfare Wilson got involved in neutral remained neutral diplomatic relations March 1 1917 Zimmerman Note published Zimmerman Note Arthur Zimmerman Wilson s secretary Telegraphed the minister of Mexico In the event of war of the US he should strive for an alliance of Mexico to Germany Because after germany would defeat allied countries all the territory it had lost to the US would be returned back to Germany Would get Texas New Mexico and Arizona back Got published and Americans are shocked 4 unarmed US merchant ship sunk without warning After wilson armed merchant ships with orders to fire among german subs Wilson delivered a war message to congress senate voted for war 82 6 later house of rep voted 373 50 to go to war Why did the US go to war Both sides violated our rights Allied did so more persistently than Germany it seemed Allied infractions violated American property rights german violations took american lives Main cause immediate German submarine warfare Other factors German intrigue Allied propaganda Fear that germany victory in Europe would threatened the US Pro Allied bias of a basically Angelo Saxon nation Money the economic state of the investors and allied cause President Election The slogan for Wilson was He kept us out of war Wilson 277 Brought us back into war after he was elected Charles Evan Hughes 264 Had to convince American people to favor war War to save democracy It was the war to end all wars Some people remained Anti War George Creel successful in making Americans become Pro war Streets of German names renamed food language Iowa made it illegal to speak German in public Anti German propaganda War Cabinet usually weren t paid Bernard Baruch leads the War Industries Board Job is plan and manage economy William Howard Taft In charge of War Labor Board Work with labor leaders to solve labor abuse and stop strikes William Gibbs McAdoo Rail and Fuel Administration Herbert Hoover War Food Administration Tried to increase production Decrease waste And most americans joined in Heat less mondays Meat less Wednesday Gas less Sundays no driving Most popular man to emerge in the war Already popular Because of the relief work he had done June of 1917 troops in
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