History of the United States since 1865 Lecture Outlines The Third Party System and the Rise of the Republican Party 1 The Third Party System growth of national government modernization and growth of industry abolition of slavery and race relations trade protectionism i change in issues or a shift in the regional and demographic bases of power of the two parties Realignment a significant lasting change in the arrangement of political forces a sharp a Kansas Nebraska Act 1854 promoted democrats It repealed Compromise of 1820 which allowed slaves Citizens were allowed to decide if they could have slaves or not 1 Rise of the Republican Party republican party was founded by anti slavery Whig party and Democratic members Against the Expansion of Slavery For Protectionism increase tariffs on trade to promote domestic industry in the United i ii States a Tariffs tax on imported exported goods that promotes trade protectionism because foreign goods are more expensive 1 Republicans in Power Abraham Lincoln took office in 1860 he was a part of the Republican party The Morrill Tariff of 1861 raised tariff rates drastically to benefit the Northern states in i this time ii iii The Revenue Act of 1861 Paper Currency many and the notes were devalued backed by gold fiat money a Demand Notes paper money that was backed by gold they issued too b Legal Tender Notes had value because government said they did not 4 Reconstruction i Presidential Reconstruction a Lincoln s Reconstruction and reunite the north and south b Andrew Johnson s Reconstruction didn t want to punish slaves wanted to punish their masters Gave amnesty to confederate soldiers he didn t want to punish the south wanted to free the slaves Terms Inflation too much money chasing too few goods 14th Amendment all persons born within the U S are citizens All citizens are entitled to equal treatment under the law Lame Duck anything said politically by a politician is ignored Presidential Veto when the president refuses to pass a law amendment etc that congress has proposed Greenbacks another name for demand notes The Secret Service created after the Civil War because of mass amounts of counterfeit after the paper currency was created The Whig Party a political party before the Civil War that fragmented and became the Republican party The Democratic Party Fiat Money money that has value because the government says it does The Freedmen s Bureau helped out free slaves with education food land shelter etc The 10 Plan full pardon to rebels who accept emancipation of slaves pardon would restore all property except slaves and full political rights 10 of state s voting population took an oath of allegiance to the U S state would be able to organize a new government 13th Amendment abolished slavery within all territories of the U S Settled question of slavery and reconfigured federal government and the states Emancipation Proclamation outlawed slavery everywhere except border states Benjamin Butler general in charge of Louisiana made southerners mad radical Thaddeus Stevens leading radical republican worked hard to defeat slavery Radical Republicans critical to reconstruction didn t want to pardon the confederacy annoyed with the 10 plan Reconstruction Amendments 13th 14th and 15th amendments 15th amendment was the right for any race to vote stayed constant They took a backseat to the republicans during a 70 year period Violence Corruption and Economic Turmoil radical republican approach to reconstruction Punish the south and overturn 1 Radical Reconstruction Johnson s states rights approach I The Military Reconstruction Acts districts in the south that oversaw the south by northern militia new state constitutions in the south using radical guidelines and states had to ratify the 14th amendment Only then could they be readmitted to the country II The Tenure of Office Act required approval of the senate to dismiss government officials that were appointed with the approval of the senate III The 15th Amendment citizen s right to vote may not be deprived based on race color or previous servitude Changed dynamics in the south a African Americans in Office Hiram Rhodes Revels Blanche Bruce P B S Pinchback were all in office 2 White Southern Reaction I The Ku Klux Klan fear that their lifestyle would seize to exist created this group to intimidate blacks carpetbaggers and scalawags inevitable due to Northern superiority in resources and man power slavery was a benign institution and the slaves were loyal and faithful to their benevolent masters confederate generals such as Robert E Lee represent the virtues of Southern nobility and defense of states rights and no the preservation of slavery was the primary motivation for secession II The Myth of the Lost Cause ex confederates dedicate memorials losses on the battlefield were III Black Codes laws passed by southern legislatures in the 2 3 years immediately following the end of the war These laws limited civil rights and liberties of freed slaves passed before radical reconstruction Through black codes try to still preserve slavery and preserve what the old south used to be in some way IV Sharecropping farmers that owed land owner share of the profit from crops usually about half They racked up credit with the plantation owners and there was no hope to break even most were bound to plantation owner Pretty much slavery 3 Redemption southern democrats and redeemers begin restoring power to the south troops began residing out of the south I The Election of 1876 Rutherford B Hayes and Tilden Hayes won who was a republican that supported equal rights II The Compromise of 1877 democrats did no approve federal troops pulled out of the south and reconstruction was over formal end to reconstruction 4 The Grant Administration I The Fisk and Gould Scandal they were trying to tip people off about the gold policy wanted to make a profit plunge in stock market led to financial panic a Jay Gould II The Whiskey Ring conspiracy of government officials and whiskey distillers who pocketed tax revenue III The Credit Mobilier Scandal 1872 government contracted trans continental railroad union pacific created this to overbill the government to make more profit IV The Panic of 1873 NY Stock exchange closed for ten days a The Long Depression many railroads went bankrupt unemployment was 14 lasted 1873 to 1879 Terms Impeachment the act of removing president from office based on legal allegations Union Pacific railroad
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