AMH20201/6/12Civil War Redux 1861-1865- Battle of Antietam (September 17, 1862)o Focus of Civil war changedo Took part in Sothern Marylando Southerners used slaves to help them with the waro Lincoln believed that “civil war is to keep country together” Lincoln Freed slaves in South in 1862 (which needed victory)- At the Battle of Antietam; the US wono Bloodiest day in historyo Battle latest one dayo 23,000 people died- Emancipation Proclamationo Slaves of succeed states were freeo Started January 1, 1863o Civil War was initially caused by slavery in the US 1848; US battled Mexico (US won) and received west (Arizona, Washington, New Mexico, etc.)- Immediate question if slavery would go to the Western states. Gold was found in 1848, and the population boomed in California- Union wanted California to become a state, and didn’t want slavery allowed- On the other hand, the Confederacy didn’t want California to become a state because it would upset balance of senate (free and slaves states) Compromise of 1850- California became a free state, but all other states gained from Mexico would be up to people on whether to have slaves or not.- Solved problem of slavery 4 years later; Kansas-Nebraska Act- Senator Steven Douglas from (Illinois) wanted transcontineal railroad to go from Chicago to San Francisco.o Land needed to be territories in order to build railroad Douglas made deal; territories were created (Kansas and Nebraska) and people could decide on slavery can exist or not (1854).- Many fraudulent votes- Pro Slavery won- Battling became; in 1865 burned down whole town over slavery. - John Browno Failed New England farmer and sheepherdero 20 childreno Believed literally the old testament of bibleo Anti-slavery Believed had to kill all slave owners to and slaveryo Moves to Kansas Beheads many pro slavery slave owner In 1859, go back to east and lead a slave rebellion to kill all slave owners in South - Harper’s Perry (Virginia)o Where arsenal was madeo Brown and followers seize arsenal and begin to attack by village people Brown is hung month later for trying to lead slave rebellion.o Southern believe more attacks were going to happen after John Brown attack Southern states decided to leave US and become their own country (1861).- Become confederate states (deep south and Texas)- Vicksburg (May-July 4 1863)o Before 1863, neither side an complete the job and end the waro North wanted to cut supply from Texas and Louisiana to rest of Confederate by Mississippi River Vicksburg was only city left with confederate South surrenders after Grant seizes Vicksburg on July 4th- Union now controls the entire Mississippi- 30,000 confederates surrenderso Gettysburg campaign (June-July 1863) Union victory which turned tide of War Reason for battle- South wanted food and weapons for soldiers Lincoln thought he was going to be defeated- William T. Sherman took Atlanta from Confederacyo Assured Lincoln’s reelection in 1864o Lincoln chooses Andrew Johnson as running mate (becomes Vice President) Had much hate for others Held grudges- Appomattoxo Confederate army surrenders in April 1865 months after reelection of Lincoln War was over After the war, Grant became a hero- Became Charitable to Southerners after he seized.- April 1865o Lincoln’s Assassination John Wilkes Booth- Believed by killing him, confederacy could come back- Wanted to kill all of Lincoln’s cabineto Booth only one who kept his promise on killing On April 15, 1865; Andrew Johnson became President- Southern who was loyal to union wanted to give big penalty to Southern- Casualties of Waro Union Battle 110,070 Disease 250,152 Total: 360, 222o Confederate Battle 94,000 Disease 164,000 Total: 258,000- Results of Waro 4 million slaves were freed at endo South was ruined economicallyo Questions remained How will south Respond Ex-Slaves how will they adjust How will Johnson be as President (first two questions based onJohnson’s presidency). Political Reconstruction (1865- 1868)- Three periods of Reconstructiono December 1863-April 1865; 1st Periodo 1865- Late 1866; 2nd period- Andrew J. Powero 1866-1868; Radial reconstruction- Driven by a split in the republican partyo Not one single platformo Big split; how to treat the south Moderate Wing; wanted the south back to US with no punishments- President Lincoln wanted US back together and grow- Needed votes in the 1864 reelection Radical Wing; the south should pay for what they have done (starting war)- Memberso Benjamin Wadeo Charles Sumnero Thaddeus Stevens- Reconstruction plano Lincoln’s 10% plan (December 1863) All confederates except military and political leaders could regain citizenship by taking oath to support constitution and 13th amendment, which abolished slavery. When 10% of people of a state who had voted in 1860 had taken the oath, the state could set up government and be recognized by President- Gave each state more electoral votes, which Lincoln wanted to help him with reelection- States that completed the 10% plan was Tennessee, Arkansas, and Louisianao 1864; radicals pushed bill through congress Wade-Davis Bill (July 1864)- Senator Ben Wade and Representative Henry Davis- Believed plan of Lincoln didn’t punish Confederates enough- Congress would control reconstruction- Majority of State, not the 10%, who voted in 1860, should take oath before government could be admitted.- Confederate officials and military leaders would not be declared US citizen- Lincoln pocket vetoed the Wade-Davis Billo Andrew Johnson becomes president (April 15, 1865) Born in North Carolina and raised in east Tennessee Tailor; accumulated tons of money Born in a poor family, and believed other Southerners made fun of his less fortune- Wanted to prove them wrong 1875; US senator serving in Washington (from Tennessee) Blamed people who made fun of him were the ones who started the war Slave owner and racist Believed free slaves should not be given rights- Kept racist beliefs hiddeno Radical republicans were excited when he became presidento Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan Pardons were given with exceptions similar to Lincoln’s- Except those with more than $20,000 in taxable property had to ask Johnson personally for a pardon Appointed a provisional governor for each ex-confederate state- Made leaving the country illegal- Constitutional convention-
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