The Early Labor Movement3 Factors- Urbanizationo Cities increased- Immigrationo Increased jobs, expending markets, and transportation attracted people- Industrializationo Unskilled workers and machineso Interchangeable workers-they could be discarded andreplacedThe Knights of Labor (KOL): Powderly- Inclusiveo Welcomed women, and African Americans Not Immigrant workers- End of child labor- Men/Women equal pay- Progressive income tax- 8 hour work day- Late 1870’s-1880’s = huge growth in membershipThe Great Railroad Strike of 1877- Started in West Virginia- State militia sent in to get trains running, but refused to useforce- Violence in Baltimore, National Guard attacked- Took over 1½ month to restore- Received benefits- Government tended to side with owners not workersHaymarket Riot- 8hr day- 8hr leaguesKarl Marx- Communist Manifesto- Working class should unite to fight exploitation- And to overthrow the capitalist systemAugust Spies- Leader of 8hr Remember Haymarket- Drew sympathy for the Labor movements/ executed men became martyrs- Became inspiration for May Day- Labor Movement adopted 8hr day as a lead issue- Contributed to the collapse of the KOLThe American Federation of Labor (AFL)- Grew after decline of KOL- Samuel Gompers-president- Fairly conservative- Focused on skilled labor- Unify smaller union-umbrellaInternational Workers of the World (IWW)- Focused on unskilled workers- Founded in Chicago- Want to overthrow capitalist system- Eugene Debbs-Presidento From wealthy familyo Started own railroad uniono
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