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AMH2020 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE Topics 6 11 Chapters 21 26 Directions for Identifications In 2 3 sentences explain who or what where when and why this is important for the history of the U S since 1877 Short Answer Directions In 4 6 sentences answer the specific question being asked Topic 6 Chapter 21 Identifications 1 bank holiday a By March 1933 banking had been suspended in a majority of the states b People could not gain access to money in their bank accounts c Roosevelt declared a bank holiday temporarily halting all bank operations 2 Emergency Banking Act a First New Deal measure that provided for reopening the banks under strict conditions and took the United States off the gold standard b Also known as the Emergency Banking Relief Act 3 Hundred Days a Extraordinarily productive first three months of President Franklin D Roosevelt s administration b Special session of Congress enacted fifteen of FDR s New Deal proposals 4 National Recovery Administration a The National Recovery Administration NRA created to work with groups of business leaders to establish industry codes b Standards set for output prices and working conditions 5 Civilian Conservation Corp a Established by Congress in 1933 and ending in 1942 b The program set unemployed young men to work on projects like forest preservation flood control and the improvement of national parks and wildlife preserves 6 Public Works Administration a One section of the National Industrial Recovery Act created the Public Works Administration PWA with an appropriation of 3 3 billion b Directed by Secretary of the Interior Harold Ickes it built roads schools hospitals and other public facilities 7 Dust Bowl a Great Plains counties of Oklahoma Texas Kansas Colorado etc where millions of tons of topsoil were blown away from parched farmland in the 1930s b Massive migration of farm families followed 8 Federal Housing Administration a Created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934 b Governmental agency that insured millions of long term mortgages issued by private banks 9 Congress of Industrial Organizations a Umbrella organization of semiskilled industrial unions b Goal secure economic freedom and industrial democracy AMH2020 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE Topics 6 11 Chapters 21 26 c Formed in 1935 as the Committee for Industrial Organization and renamed in 1938 10 Sit down strike a Method adopted by labor unions in the mid and late 1930s whereby striking workers refused to leave factories making production impossible b Proved highly effective in the organizing drive of the Congress of Industrial Organizations 11 Share Our Wealth movement a Launched in 1934 its slogan was Every Man a King b The group called for the confiscation of most of the wealth of the richest Americans in order to finance an immediate grant of 5 000 and a guaranteed job and annual income for all citizens 12 Works Progress Administration a Part of the Second New Deal b Provided jobs for millions of the unemployed on construction and arts projects 13 Social Security Act a Created the Social Security system b Included requirements for a retirement pension unemployment insurance disability insurance and public assistance welfare a Term that originated in Britain during WWII b Referred to a system of income assistance health coverage and social services 14 Welfare state for all citizens 15 Court packing plan a President Franklin D Roosevelt s failed 1937 attempt to increase the number of U S Supreme Court justices from nine to fifteen b Plan drawn up in order to save FDR s Second New Deal programs from constitutional challenges 16 Minimum wage laws a Beginning in March 1937 the Court suddenly revealed a new willingness to support economic regulation by both the federal government and the states b Court upheld a minimum wage law of the state of Washington similar to the New York measure it had declared unconstitutional a year earlier 17 Indian New Deal an Indian New Deal a Under Commissioner of Indian Affairs John Collier the administration launched i Ended the policy of forced assimilation ii Allowed Indians unprecedented cultural autonomy iii Replaced boarding schools meant to eradicate the tribal heritage of Indian children with schools on reservations iv Dramatically increased spending on Indian health 18 Popular Front a At the height of the Popular Front a period during the mid 1930s when the Communist Party sought to ally itself with socialists and New Dealers in movements for social change urging reform of the capitalist system rather than revolution Communists gained an unprecedented respectability AMH2020 EXAM 2 STUDY GUIDE Topics 6 11 Chapters 21 26 19 Scottsboro boys a Case where nine young black men were arrested for the rape of two white women in Alabama in 1931 b Weak evidence against the Scottsboro boys and the fact that one of the two accusers withdrew her testimony Alabama authorities three times put them on trial and three times won convictions c Landmark Supreme Court decisions overturned the first two verdicts and established legal principles that greatly expanded the definition of civil liberties that defendants have a constitutional right to effective legal representation and that states cannot systematically exclude blacks from juries d Court allowed the third set of convictions to stand which led to prison sentences for five of the defendants 20 House Un American Activities Committee a Formed in 1938 to investigate traitors in the government and holders of radical ideas more generally b Best known investigations were of Hollywood notables and of former State Department official Alger Hiss who was accused in 1948 of espionage and Communist Party membership Abolished in 1975 a Enacted by Congress in 1940 b Made it a federal crime to teach advocate or encourage the overthrow of the 21 Smith Act government Short Answer 1 What were the major policy initiatives of the New Deal in the Hundred Days a National Industrial Recovery Act established the National industrial recovery act which worked with groups of business leaders to establish industry codes that set standards for output prices and working conditions b Civilian Conservation Corps CCC set unemployed young men to work on projects like forest preservation flood control and the improvement of national parks and wildlife preserves c Agricultural Adjustment Act AAA authorized federal government to try to raise farm prices by setting production quotas for major crops and paying farmers to plant less d The


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FSU AMH 2020 - EXAM 2

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