The Settlement of the Northern Great Plains (1866-1876)The American Bison (Buffalo)- 30 million in 1800- Huge herds- Less than 1000 due to commercial slaughter- Lost land due to RailroadsLakota- Moved from Great Lakes to the Great Plains- Encountered Cheyenne and adopted from them- Defeated Cheyenne and won land- Created the Lakota/Dakota/Nakota landsEmigrant Trails- Foot and wagon- Increased during the gold rush- Oregon trail- Conflict between European Americans and Indians- Government created forts to protect travellers and promote tradeFort Laramie- Hosted numerous treaties between US and tribes- Built to protect travellers- Treaty of Fort Laramie-defined each tribal group and their land- Give up rights east of the Mississippi River- Homestead Act of 1862o Distributed land to farmers and rancherso Was actually the Native Americans lando Lasted 60-70yrsGold in Montana (1860)- Bozeman Trailo Went through Powder River Country, a rich hunting ground for the Cheyenne and Lakota Banned together to keep land 1862 and grand council of tribes Red Clouds WarRed Cloud War- Wanted to close Bozeman Trail and forts- Highpoint: Beat Fedderman and his cavalry was wiped out-The Fedderman Massacreo High Indian casualties- Government redirected travellers to the transcontinental railroadFort Laramie Treaty of 1868 (2nd)- Confirmed permanent sovereignty for the Indians- Abandoned all forts on trail and area- Indians agreed to become civilized- Long term success, short term violenceGeorge Armstrong Custer- Wasn’t popular- 1st mission to produce railroad from Lakota Raids- Violated Treatyo Custer’s Black Hill’s Expedition Found Gold->Gold Rush- US tried to buy Black Hillso Said all Sioux not in reservation would be considered hostile o Violence- Sitting Bull- Organized a large armyUS launched new plan 1876- 3 columns surrounding groupsThe Battle of little bighorn- Custer split forces in 2- Custer’s Last StandThe Many Penny Agreement- Unless they gave up the Black Hills their food allotment would be eliminated- Lost the Black
View Full Document
Unlocking...