FAD3220 Chapter 10 Psychosocial development in Middle Childhood notes Class Notes The Developing Self Self judgments are more realistic balanced and comprehensive around 7 or 8 Representational systems broad inclusive self concepts that integrate various aspects of self know what they re good at Self Esteem Industry vs Inferiority o Erickson s 4th Stage o Children must learn productive skills their culture requires o Develop competence view of self to be able to master or face feelings of inferiority complete tasks Emotional Growth and Prosocial Behavior Understand guilt and shame Understand conflicting emotions Aware of cultural rules for acceptable emotional expression Become more empathic understand how others feel and inclined to exhibit prosocial help others behavior Child in the Family Family atmosphere Externalizing behaviors aggressiveness fighting disobedience Internalizing behaviors anxiety fearfulness depression hostility usually seen in boys Parenting From control to co regulation parents control but children make decisions o Transitional stage in which parents exercise moment to moment self regulation Family Structure Children do better in families w two continuously married biological parents Happily married is even better Divorce Adjustment depends on child age maturity gender temperament and psychosocial adjustment before the divorce o Father or nonresidential parent contact Loyalty conflicts self blame parental conflict Child and Peer Group Learn how to get along w others Learn gender appropriate behaviors girls shaving legs May reinforce prejudice o Unfavorable attitudes towards others outside one s own group May foster anti social tendencies Popularity Socioeconomic popularity peer status groups o Popular o Rejected no one likes them o Neglected left alone o Controversial some people love some people hate o Average Perceived popularity which children are liked best by their peers Friendships Friends are important to self esteem communication and Gender differences in friendships cooperation exc o Girls less friends more intimate o Boys more friends less intimate Some struggle making friends more than others Other Issues Hostile attribution bias tendency to perceive others as trying to hurt them and strike out in self defense Bullying occurs in many different forms parents should monitor and not only rely on teachers most schools have cops Oppositional Defiant Disorders ODD does not like authority and defies it even over positive things Conduct Disorder CD children who actually break the laws in rebellion to authority figures Most have ODD Book Notes Reflect bolded main terms not presented in lecture Mental health It is important to be diagnosed of any mental social disorders in childhood to prevent psychiatric disorders in adulthood Of those with emotional behavioral and developmental problems most have Disruptive Conduct Disorders which include aggression defiance and antisocial behavior School phobia unrealistic fear of going to school May be a form Separation anxiety disorder condition involving excessive Social phobia anxiety extreme fear and or avoidance of social Generalized anxiety disorder anxiety is not focused on any OCD anxiety aroused by repetitive intrusive thoughts images Childhood depression mood disorder characterized by such of separation anxiety or social phobia prolonged anxiety concerning separation from home or people that a person is attached to situations single target or impulses often leading to compulsive ritual behaviors symptoms as prolonged sense of friendlessness inability to have fun or concentrate fatigue extreme activity or apathy feelings of worthlessness weight change physical complaints and thoughts of death or suicide Treatment Techniques Individual psychotherapy therapist sees child one on one to help them gain insights on their personality and relationships and to interpret feelings and behavior usually used after death of parent or divorce Family therapy psychological treatment in which a therapist sees family together and observes how members react Behavior therapy uses principles of learning theory to eliminate undesirable behaviors and develop desirable ones Art Therapy used for those w limited verbal skills or emotional trauma and allows them to express troubled feelings w o words using a variety of art materials and media instead Drug Therapy administering prescription drugs antidepressants to treat emotional disorders Children can become stressed for various reasons including pressure to grow up too soon Resilient children those who maintain their composure and competence under challenges or threats or who bounce back from traumatic events Protective factors influences that reduce the impact of early stress and predict positive outcomes Most important Protective Factors o Family relationships and cognitive functioning o Others include temperament compensating experiences like good school and reduced risk factors
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