Physical Cognitive Psychosocial Early Adulthood Emerging Adulthood Accepting responsibility for oneself Making independent decisions Becoming financially independent Ages 18 40 Highest poverty rate and the lowest level of health insurance of any age group No regular access to health care Sexual Maturity Most report good health Mental health disorders can be signaled to occur during this time Mental health can be affected by However obesity and health problems frequent Accidents are most frequent cause of death Cholesterol fat and heart disease Age group most likely to smoke and drink heavily Obesity is linked to lifestyle behaviors rather than knowledge The health issues of this time rival that of adolescence however rates of injury homicide and substance use peak at this time Getting sufficient amounts of sleep is crucial at this time Lifestyle Factors Linked with health and fitness Diet and weight control physical activity sleep smoking alcohol and drug use and stress Eating disorders can form at this time especially anorexia and bulimia Stress drastically increases for young adults during this time Stress may lead young adults to depression drug use and alcohol use Reflective Thinking John Dewey Logical thinking involving continuous active evaluation of information and beliefs in the light of evidence and its implications Postformal Thought Mature thinking that relies on subjective experiences as well as logic It s flexible open adaptive and individualistic Operates in social and emotional context and not physically Emotional Intelligence Related to 4 skills The abilities to perceive use understand and manage the emotions of ourselves and others so as to achieve goals Mayer Salovey Caruso emotional Intelligence Test MSCEIT A 40 minute test that revolves around these 4 skills Fully principled post conventional morality a function of experience College aged women are more likely to use emotion focused strategies than their male counterparts Women at this time also experiences higher levels of stress overall Being able to know and understand our feelings Moral reasoning looking beyond black Ego Development A combination of ability to understand oneself and one s world to integrate and synthesize what one perceives and knows and to take charge of planning one s life course Social Integration Active engagement in broad range of social relationships activities and roles Important for mental health and coping with stress Social Support Material informational and psychological resources derived from the social network which a person can rely on for help in coping with stress Marriage has health benefits especially for men Married people especially in young adulthood tend to be healthier physically and psychologically than those who are never married cohabitating widowed separated or divorced People in unhappy marriages have poorer health than single adults and even a supportive network of friends and family does not buffer this effect Moratorium A self conscious crisis that leads to a resolution The questioning of traditional values is normal at this time Recentering 3 stages Stage 1 Individual still embedded in family of origin but increased expectations of reliance and self direction Stage 2 Connected by but not embedded with family of origin may be financially dependent College jobs intimate partners may be explored Stage 3 Usually by age 30 independence from family of origin commitment to career partner and possibly children Failure to Launch having trouble living on your own engage in drinking and smoking as well as eating junk food and not getting enough exercise Indirect Influences on Health Higher income people rate their health as better and they live longer because more access to healthcare The less schooling people have had the greater chance they will develop and die from communicable disease injuries or chronic ailments or that they will become victims of homicide or suicide Alcoholism and white Being able to live with moral contradictions Women think less about abstract justice and fairness than men Re evaluating our moral priorities is very normal Substantive Complexity Degree to which a person s work requires thought and independent judgement Spillover Hypothesis There is a carryover of cognitive gains from work to leisure that explains the positive relationship between activities in the quality of intellectual functioning Schaie A Lifespan Model of Cognitive Development Acquisitive Stage childhood and adolescence Acquire information and skills mainly for their own sake or as preparation for participation in society Achieving Stage Late teens or early 20s 30s young adults no longer acquire knowledge merely for its own sake they use what they know to pursue goals such as career and family Responsible Stage Late 30s to early 60s Middle aged people use their minds to solve practical problems associated with responsibilities to others such as family members or employees Executive Stage 30s for 40s through middle age This stage may overlap with the achieving and responsible away from parents Having good relationships with parents while still remaining autonomous is healthy Intimacy vs Isolation Erickson s 6th stage of psychosocial development Young adults need to make social connections so they don t face self absorption Hallmark of this time Solidifying identity and maintaining good social relationships with family and friends or a potential mate Normative Stage Model Personality changes due to personal goals work and relationships Developmental Tasks In normative stage theory typical challenges that need to be mastered for successful adaptation to each stage of life Timing of Events Model Describes adult development as a response to the expected or unexpected occurrence and timing of important life events Social Clock Society s norms expectations for the appropriate timing of life events Non normative events can effect development as well like a death or accident Trait Models Theoretical models of personality development that focus on mental emotional temperamental and behavioral traits or attitudes Five Factor Model Theoretical model of personality based on the Big Five personality traits Typological Models Identifies broad personality types or styles Three types Ego resilient well adjusted self confident and articulate Over Controlled Shy quiet anxious dependable and concerned with controlling emotions and actions consciously Under Controlled Active energetic
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