Physical and Cognitive Development In Young Adulthood 20 40 CH 13 Emerging Adulthood new term developed in 2004 by Jeffry Arnet I A How do we define adulthood in the US a legal adulthood b sociological voting legal contracts etc financial responsibility picking a career marry start a family c psychological factors developing discovering identity responsibility II Physical Development A Nature vs Nurture a nature tends to get left behind more molded by the environment b your environment will have a much larger impact than your genes ex LJ and taco bell B nutrition a how you pick what you eat you are what you eat b still based on environment need a healthy environment c impact the way you look feel and see yourself body image C influences on health and fitness direct a obesity 1 obese as child more likely to be obese now 2 impacts on obesity American trends eating habits snacking fast food inexpensive fast easy accessible portion sizes we eat much larger portions than we should high fat diets eating foods that are high in fat fried etc b physical activity or lack thereof 1 jobs these days sit down and work 2 can relieve symptoms of depression anxiety EMDR therapy where you stimulate brain like as if you re running 3 health benefits healthy now most likely healthy later D indirect influences on health a SES 1 high SES better health afford better food time knowledge on how to prepare them less stress afford things to help keep healthy gym membership health insurance friends who engage in healthy lifestyle with them b relationships and health 1 social integration 2 social support being a part of a group or activity social activities activities role more socially integrated you are the better more activities you are in benefits individuals to rely on during a stressful time substance abuse and dependence TWO DIFFERENT THINGS don t go by what s only in the book III A Substance abuse need to meet at least ONE of these Mental Health substance usage a substance abuse 1 maladaptive pattern of substance use that lead to significant impairment or distress b failure to fulfill major roles 1 failure to wake up to get to class work etc c using in situations that are physically hazardous 1 drinking and driving you are aware that you would be driving home yet you keep driving d related legal problems 1 DUI charges MIP etc 2 assault charges possession charges e continued use despite interpersonal problems 1 continue to use despite someone asking you to stop 2 divorce etc B Dependence need at least ONE of these a Maladaptive pattern of substance use that lead to significant impairments or distress b increased tolerance 1 3 beers but now I need 5 beers c experiences withdrawal 1 alcohol seizures d persistent unsuccessful efforts to quit using 1 maybe can stop for one week but then I go back e spend lots of time obtaining substance f social occupational recreational activities are given up g use is continued despite knowledge of physical psychological problems 1 another ex is for people who are bipolar using drugs because I m bipolar etc C alcohol a most common substance use in the US b depressant c impair judgment mood reaction time coordination etc IV Sexual and Reproductive Issues A hooking up a most common on college campus b wide ranges of behaviors kissing to sex c no further expectations of physical encounters or relationship d higher alcohol use lower psychological wellbeing more favorable attitude about hooking up 1 not a problem unless you do it safely e hook up instead of date 1 cheaper marriage is delayed no commitment accessible NPR clip Young Adulthood 20 40 Physical and Cognitive Development CONTINUED CH 13 IV Sexual and Reproductive Issues CONTINUED from 11 3 B Infertility a inability to conceive after trying to have a baby for twelve months b primary 1 couples who have not become pregnant after at least 1 year of unprotected sex c secondary 1 couples who have been pregnant at least once but never again can also have miscarriage and then not get pregnant again d seen as a woman s issue but it is both woman and man s issue 1 blocked passage of the fallopian tubes 2 age of eggs also health of eggs 3 build up of stress 4 child free negative stigma by society women and couples e men can be sterile 1 sterile sperm cannot get women pregnant 2 low quality sperm from weed 3 men get older production and quality of sperm COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT CH 13 I Cognitive Development A reflective thinking impacted by Piaget but not one of his stages a active persistent and careful consideration of information b challenge facts draw inferences make connections 1 not everyone can get to reflective thinking making connections 2 those who can active process of learning this skill comes about between ages 20 25 c requires being able to think about abstract reasoning 1 not everyone can do this ex inferences from NPR clips B post formal thought comes from Piaget a open flexible and individualistic b draws on intuition AND logic 1 gut feelings plus rational thinking c develop due to events or interactions that force people to look at things differently 1 emotional and rational thinking ex gut feeling so I m going to be rational and logical now II Vocational Development A fantasy period a seen in early middle childhood b gain insight into career options thru fantasy ex Dad a vet I want to be a vet B tentative period a during adolescence b think about careers what abilities do I have ex shop class in high school C realistic a emerging adulthood b narrow options based on practical responsibilities ex I want a house a car 2 kids so I need a job that will support me c will this job allow me to do everything I want to do hold everything that is important to me III Sternberg A tacit knowledge a commonly thought of common sense knowledge 1 I know how to do it I can explain how I do it but I cannot teach you b different from cognitive ability ex riding a bike you do not think about what muscles you are using parents do not really EXPLAIN how you ride a bike they just push you c things you can do but do not know how to explain d self management 1 motivate oneself and organize time energy ex studying instead of going out e management of tasks 1 knowing how to study for a test write a term paper ex you can probably tell me how you study but it s very individual f management of others 1 reward and criticize subordinates ex how to know when you give someone a pat on the back or when you need to tell them the bad ex sandwich
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