FAD32208/29/13Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development, Theory and Research- Human Developmento The study of patterns of change and stability in human growth throughout life. o Human development has the following characteristics: Systematic: organized Adaptive: to internal and external conditions Life-span development: life-long process - What we will studyo Prenatal Period (conception to birth)o Infancy and Toddlerhood (birth to 3 years old)o Early Childhood (3 years old to 6 years old)o Middle Childhood (6 years old to 11 years old)o Adolescence (11 to 20)o Emerging and Young Adulthood (20 to 40)o Middle Adulthood (40 to 65)o Late Adulthood (65 and over)- Influences on Developmento Heredity DNA, chromosomes, genes o Environment Parents, siblings, schools, neighborhoods, communities o Maturation Changes over time- Contexts of Developmento Contexts: environment, philosophies, institutionso Familyo Socioeconomic Status (SES)o Gender roleso Culture Ethnicity Language Religion Geographic location- Influences on Developmento Normative Normative age-graded influences Normative history-graded influenceso Nonnormative Influences Affects the individual, like a unique circumstances Disease, disability, trauma - Issue 1: Is Development active or reactive?o Reactive view John Locke, tabula rasa: a “blank slate” on which society “writes” Mechanistic model: people are like machines that react to environmental inputo Active view Jean Jacques Rousseau: “noble savages” who develop according to their own tendencies Organismic model: people are active, growing organisms that set their own development in
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