General body growth trends Sleep o night terrors o enuresis o encouraging good sleep habits gross motor fine motor skills handedness preventing obesity health Piaget o and SES o smoke o Animism centration egocentrism conservation Memory o Recognition and recall Vygostky o ZPD o scaffolding Vocabulary o Fast mapping o social speech o private speech Emergent literacy Erikson Growing rapidly between 3 and 6 years old Waken abruptly from deep sleep scream or sit up in bed not really Boys tend to be taller and heavier 2 3 inches year 4 6 lbs year awake 3 and 13 years old boys more than girls Repeated urination in clothing or bed Establish regular bed time no loud noises don t feed or rock child sticker chart later bedtime Gross large muscles for physical activity riding tricycle Fine physical skills involving small muscles and eye hand coordination cutting paper Preference for using a certain hand Start diet as a child while diet is still subject to parental influence Proportion control Regularly eating evening mean as a family Adequate amounts of sleep Less than 2 hours of tv day Lower SES higher risk of illness injury and death Most damage caused during development Increased risk of bronchitis pneumonia and ear problems Animism Tendency to attribute life to objects that are not alive Centration Tendency of pre operational children to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others Egocentrism inability to consider another person s point of view Conservation awareness that two objects are equal as long as something isn t added or taken away Recognition Ability to identify a previously encountered stimulus Recall Reproduce a material from memory Difference between what a child can do alone and what a child can do with help zone of proximal development Temporary support to help a child master a task Process by which a child absorbs the meaning of a new word after hearing it in conversation Speech intended to be understood by a listener Talking to oneself without the intent to communicate Preschooler s development of skills and attitudes that help with reading and writing ABC puzzle Initiative vs guilt o Need to deal with conflicting feelings about the self o Arises from growing desire to plan and do activities with reservations about doing so Gender o And stereotypes o Gender schema All females are passive and dependent all males are aggressive and independent Children socialize themselve s in their gender roles by making up in their minds o Social learning o And TV Parenting Styles Aggression o Influences on Siblings and only children Growth Trends Amount of sleep Rough and Tumble Play Obesity Accidents Piaget conservation Memory o Selective attention o Mnemonic strategies IQ Gardner and Sternber what it means to be female or male Children imitate models often parents or other adults and peers Authoritarian Parenting style emphasizing control and self regulation Permissive Parenting style emphasizing self expression and self regulation Authoritative Style blending respect for a child s individuality while still installing social values Overt direct openly directed at its target Heritable low self control environmentally influenced stressful atmosphere Relational damaging to someone s reputation relationships etc Instrumental to achieve a goal culture modeling media Younger siblings more likely to take risks Prosocial and play oriented behaviors more likely among siblings than hostility and rivalry Children who are aggressive with their siblings are more likely to be aggressive with their friends 2 3 inches year between 6 and 11 years old and double their weight African American children grow faster 10 hours 9 years old 9 hours 13 years old Play involving wrestling hitting and chasing while laughing and screaming 17 of children from 2 to 19 16 5 are overweight Only children more motivated to achieve and have a higher self esteem Mexican girls have highest body fat More likely to be overweight if they have overweight parents Understanding identity clay is still the same even if it is a different shape Behavior problems low self esteem high blood pressure diabetes Leading cause of death among school aged children Concrete operations can figure out conservation problems Pre operational can t Reversibility clay can change back into the other shape Around 9 or 10 years old for clay to understand conservation of weight 12 before understanding liquid The ability to direct one s attention and shut out distractions Inhibitory control voluntary suppression of unwanted responses Techniques to aid memory o External memory aids prompting by something outside the person making a list o Rehearsal conscious repetition o Organization grouping by categories mammals reptiles etc o Elaboration associating items to be remembered with something else musical staff EGBDF every good boy does fine Gardner s Theory of Multiple Intelligences each person has several distinct forms of intelligence Sternberg s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence three elements of intelligence o Componential analytic aspect efficiently processing info how to solve Reading o Phonetic o Whole language NCLB Gifted children Erikson Parenting co regulation o Work o Poverty problems originally o Experimental insightful or creative aspect of intelligence thinking o Contextual practical aspect size up a situation and decide what to do Approach to teaching that emphasizes decoding of unfamiliar words Research proves that this is better Approach to teaching that emphasizes visual retrieval and use of context clues naturally learning No Child Left Behind students can transfer out of shools that do not meet certain requirements IQ of 130 or higher Grow up in enriched family environments parents often have high expectations for their gifted children unusual brains that enable rapid learning in a particular domain A major determinant of self esteem is children s view of rheir capacity for productive work Co regulation transitional stage in the control of behavior in which parents exercise oversight but children enjoy moment to moment self regulation o Sharing of power The more satisfied a mother is with work the more effective of a parent she is o Children do slightly better if parent is only part time 20 of U S children live in poverty o Emotional academic and behavioral problems o Mother s who are emotionally healthy and looked for support in the community had academically socially competent children Divorce o Help with adjustment o Who
View Full Document
Unlocking...