FAD3220 Chapter 14: Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood Class Notes: Paths to Adulthood - Before 1960s: o Finish school, leave home, get a job, get married, have children - Currently, only 1 in 4 follow this path - Time of experimentation of what one wants to do - Influenced by gender, academic ability, expectations, attitudes, and social class Identifying development- Re-centering: process that underlies the shift to an adult identity o Stage 1: Individual still embedded in family of origin, but increased expectations of self- resilience and self- direction o Stage 2: connected, but not embedded w/ family of origin (may be financially dependent). College, jobs, intimate partners may be explored o Stage 3: usually by age 30; independence from family or origin, commitment to career, and possible children Adult Relationships w/ parents - Sign of well- being is the ability to maintain autonomous by connected relationships w/ their parents - Adult children still need parental acceptance, empathy and support - Failure to launce adult who is financially independent in the sense that they have their own job, but still lives w/ parents and don’t pay rent. May revert back to parent, child roles and changed expectations. Personality development - Foundation of Personality solidifies in adulthood - Intimacy vs. Isolation o Erikson’s 6th stage of psychological development o Young adults must make commitments to others of face a possible sense of isolation or self- absorption. It is good to have strong relationships, but you also need time to yourself Timing of Events Model - Describes adult psychological development as a response to the expected or unexpected occurrence and timing of important life events. (a 21 year old w/ a child will be more independent than one without) - Normative life events (the age in which you get married)- The social clock: society’s normal expectations for the appropriate timing of life events (expect people to get married in 20s) Typological Model- Identifies broad personality types and styles - Three types: o Ego- resilient: well adjusted, self- confident, articulate o Over- controlled: shy, quiet, anxious, dependable (worried about being in control) o Under- controlled: active, energetic, impulsive, stubborn, easily distracted - Can have different personalities based on setting (work vs. home) Friendship and love - Friendships may be less stable because of relocation - Friendships centered on work, parenting, sharing of confidence and advice- Not as based on age groups, but interest groups Being Single - Voluntary Temporary (career oriented) - Voluntary Stable choosing to be single for a while or forever (bachelor or monk) - Involuntary Temporary on the prowl - Involuntary Stable doesn’t want to be single, but has given up b/c of circumstances (least satisfying) Cohabitation- Singles (not married) living together - Only about 7% of population are currently cohabitating - Unmarried couples tend to be less homogamous than marrieds - More likely to be interracial - Short- term - Much more likely to break- up than marrieds Marriage - Homogamy similar qualities (race, ethnicity, religion, class) - Heterogamy different characteristics o Hypogamy: marrying down in social class o Hypergamy: marrying up in social class - Endogamy have to marry someone within your group (Jewish people haveto marry someone Jewish) - Exogamy don’t marry w/ in group (interracial marriage) - Complementary needs partners make up for weaker aspects of the other Marriage and Parenting- Marital satisfaction decreases during child rearing years o Stresso Adjusting to new role o Feeling isolated o Division of household labor (increases after birth of child) Book Notes *Reflects all bolded/ main information not presented in lecture Personality Development Model- Normative Stage Model: adults follow a basic sequence of age- related psychological changes. They are normative b/c they seem to be common and emerge in successive stages. o What is normative is based on expectations of timing of life events made by that culture o Includes Erikson’s theory of Intimacy vs. Isolation Life Structure: Levinson’s theory (follow up of Erikson’s Theory) that the underlying pattern of a person’s life at a given time is built on whatever aspects of life the person finds most important Developmental Tasks: in normative stage theories, typical challenges that need to be mastered for successful adaption of each stage of life Trait Models- Theoretical models of personality development that focus on mental, emotional, temperamental, and behavioral traits or attributes. Looks for stability or change in personality traits. - Five- Factor Model: theoretical model of personality that underlie 5 groups ofassociated traits known as the “Big Five” o 1) Neuroticism 2) extraversion 3) openness to experience 4) consciousness 5) agreeableness Love Triangular Theory of love: Sternberg’s theory that patterns of love hinge on the balance among three elements: intimacy, passion, and commitment Divorce - On average, divorce occurs 7-8 years after marriage- Most common reported reason for divorce is lack of emotional
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