FAD2230 Chapter 12: Psychosocial development ofAdolescence Class Notes: - Main conflict of adolescence is to be unique and fit in at the same time The Search for Identity: Erikson - Identity: a coherent conception of self, made up of goals, values, and beliefs, which a person is solidly committed. - Identity vs. role confusion o Erikson’s 5th stage of Psychosocial development o 3 major issues: occupation, values, and sexual identity Identity Status: Marcia - Identity statuses: status of ego development at a particular time o Crisis: period of conscious decision making related to identity formation o Commitment: personal investments in an occupation or system of beliefo Achievement: commitment to choices following a crisis a period of time spent exploring alternatives. (crisis leading in commitment) o Foreclosure: person has not spent time considering alternatives to other’s plans for his or her life. (commitment without crisis) Gender Differences in Identity Formation- Female sense of self develops through establishing relationships (don’t do bad things so parents won’t be disappointed) - Males sense of self develops more so through developing a separate identity (do bad things to have separate identity than others) Sexual Behavior- 77% of young people have sex by age 20 - Increased “hooking up” behaviors o Cell phone o Computer o Increased mobility (cars exc.) o Parents working more - Child pornography is present in society by minor sending inappropriate pictures to others. In high school these picturesCan be spread around schools and even sold to pornography sites Adolescent Relationships - Adolescent rebellion… myth or not? NOTo Only 1 in 5 teenagers fit this pattern - Most adolescents feel close to and positive about their parents, share similar opinions, major issues and value their parent’s approval - Emotionality tends to be less stable during early adolescence and then level out (think parents don’t love them b/c they restrict them) Adolescents and Parents - Spend less time w/ family and more time alone (in room) - Tension between dependency and independence - Struggle for individualization: autonomy and personal identity - Arguments over every day personal matters rather than larger issues of safety and right and wrong - Authoritative parenting is ideal - Parental monitoring and self- disclosure Adolescents and peers - As children move into adolescence, the peer social system becomes more elaborate and diverse - Cliques: structured groups of friends who do things together - Crowds: based on reputation. Image or identityo Popular, jocks, snobs, band kids, smart kids - More risk taking in presence of peers o High intensity and high frequency involving friendships Romantic Relationships - Breakups during adolescence are predictors of depression and suicide (rejection to fragile self- esteem) - Sexual issues emerge w/ romantic partners - Involve passion and sense of intimacy - By age 16, adolescents interact w/ and think about romantic partners more than parents, friends or siblings Chapter 12 is only on class notes, no book notes will be on the
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