Chapters 13-1950 questions, multiple choice- Not that many from 18 and 19- Chapter 13-18 most questions- Chapter 19 is very short, there is no need to go back to the book- aging (TEST QUESTIONS)- Moral issues (TEST QUESTIONS)- Emerging adulthood, men and womenChapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood Adulthood- What are the markers for adulthood?- Sexual maturity- arrives in adolescent - Legal adulthoodo Buy tobacco and alcohol, vote, marry, enter into contracts, etc.o People may be considered adults when they are self-supporting or have chosen a career- Psychological maturityo Discovering ones identity, becoming independent of parentsEmerging Adulthood- Emerging adulthood: transitional period between adolescence and adulthood; late teens to mid-to-late twenties- 3 functional criteria for adulthood:- Accepting responsibility for oneself- Making independent decisions- Becoming financially independentPhysical Development- Health- Most say they are in good healtho Whites and Asians are most likely to be in good health - Accidents are the leading cause of death- Overweight and too little exercise- Highest poverty rate and lowest level of health insurance of any age groupBehavior and Health- High cholesterol, fat, and heart disease- Cancers- Soy-based food for women linked to deceases in breast cancer- Fish for men linked to decreases in colorectal cancer- Obesity : linked to lifestyle (behaviors) rather than knowledge - Emotion-focused coping : attempts to manage the emotions associated with experiencing a particular event by tactics such as refusing to think about an issue or reframing the event in a positive light - College women use more- Problem-focused coping : involves addressing an issue head-on and developing action-oriented ways of managing and challenging a bad situation- College men use moreOther Health Issues- Exercise- Should engage in 2 hours 30 minutes of moderate intense exercise weekly- Sleep- Smoking - This age group most likely to smoke than any other- Most common eating disorders are anorexia and bulimia- Alcohol use :- Peaks in emerging adulthood- Binge drinking, drinking and driving, HIV infection, drug use- Risky drinking: consuming more than 14 drinks a week or 4 drinks on any single day for men, and more than 7 drinks a week or 3 drinks on a single day for womenRelationships and Health- Social relationships are vital to health and well-being- Social integration : active engagement in a broad range of social relationships, activities, and roleso Ex. parent, spouse, neighbor, friend, etc.- Social support : material, informational, and psychological resources derived from the social network, which a person can rely on for help in coping with stress- Main goal according to Erikson is for people to develop intimacyMarriage and Health - Marriage has health benefits, especially for men- Married people, especially in young adulthood, tend to be healthier than those who are single, divorced, never married, widowed, etc.- Married people (especially husbands) are more likely to be obeseMental Health- Some mental health disorders have a genetic component which is “signaled” to occur in early adulthood- Stressors of being out on one’s own and making own decisions can influence mental health problems- Alcoholism, drug use, and abuse- Depression - Alcoholism : chronic disease involving dependence on use of alcohol causing interference with normal functioning and fulfilment of obligations Sexual Behavior and Attitudes- Less adults are waiting to have sex until marriage(75% have had sex by age 20)- Compared to older age groups, emerging adults:- Tend to have more sexual partners- Have sex less frequently- Have more casual sex- Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) : disorder producing symptoms of physical discomfort and emotional tension for up to 2 weeks because a menstrual period- Infertility : inability to conceive a child after 12 months of sexual intercourse without the use of birth control Cognitive Development- Reflective thinking : logical thinking involving continuous, active evaluation of information and beliefs in the light of evidence and implications- Emerges between 20-25- Not all adults reach the skill to apply think thinking to all types of problems, but most adults develop the capacity for it- Postformal thought : mature thinking that relies on subjective experience and intuition as well aslogic; useful in dealing with ambiguity, uncertainty, inconsistency, contradiction, imperfection, and compromise- Sees shades of gray vs. black and whiteo Can’t always find the right answer- Useful when emotions are involvedSchaie: A Life-Span Model of Cognitive Development- Seven stages include:- Acquisitive stage : children and adolescence acquire information and skills for their own sake- Achieving stage : young adults use what they know to pursue goals, like family and career- Responsible stage : middle-aged people use their minds to solve practical problems- Executive stage : middle-aged people are responsible for societal systems and deal with complex relationships- Reorganizational stage : late adulthood people enter adulthood and reorganize their lives around meaningful pursuits - Legacy-creating stage : near the end of life, leave a legacy behind for their loved onesEmotional Intelligence- Emotional intelligence : the ability to perceive, use, understand, manage and regulate emotions- An important component of effective, intelligent behavior- Measured by use of the test : MSCEIT (Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test)- College men who scored low on this engage in more drug use and alcohol consumption- College kids who scored high report positive relationships with friends and family Moral Reasoning- Women think less about abstract justice and fairness than men do and more about their responsibilities to specific people (C. Gilligan)- Other researchers found no gender differences- Young adults are more able to live with moral contradictions- Ex. I don’t like people who sleep around, but I sleep aroundEducation and Work- Women now make up a larger percentage of the student population- Also more likely to go to graduate and doctoral school- Commitment within relativism : college students make their own judgments and choose their own beliefs and values despite uncertainty and the recognition of other valid possibilities - Substantive complexity : degree to which a
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