FAD3220 JETER CHAPTERS 13 19 FINAL STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 13 Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging Young Adulthood Adulthood What are markers for adulthood o Sexual maturity o Legal adulthood etc o Psychological maturity Buy tobacco and alcohol vote marry enter into contracts Depends on such achievements as discovering one s identity becoming independent of parents developing a system of values and forming relationships Most psychologists say that the onset of adulthood is marked by such internal indicators as a sense of autonomy self control and personal responsibility that is more a state of mind than a discrete event Emerging Adulthood Proposed transitional period between adolescence and adulthood Age of late teens to mid to late twenties Three criteria o Accepting responsibility for oneself o Making independent decisions o Becoming financially independent Today the road to adulthood can be marked by multiple milestones entering college working moving away from home getting married and having children Most people during this period of life have a positive view of the future and look forward to their adult lives 2 Physical Development Health Behavior and Health o Most say that they are in good health o Accidents are the leading cause of death o Overweight and too little exercise o Highest poverty rate and lowest level of health insurance of any age group Don t expect to get sick money has to come out of pocket affects finances Poor because living on own for the first time No regular access to health care High Cholesterol leads to fat and heart disease Mapping of the human genome is enabling scientists to discover the genetic roots of many disorders including mental health conditions Cancers o Soy based food for women linked to decreases in breast cancer o Fist for men linked to decreases in colorectal cancer o Environmental factors can result in epigenetic changes in the expression of particular genes that can have lifelong consequences Obesity linked to lifestyle behaviors rather than knowledge o Main health issue o 34 of men and women over 20 were obese in 2007 2008 o 68 are overweight or obese o obesity epidemic is because of increase in snacking availability of inexpensive fast food supersized portions labor saving foods processed and technology 3 you are what you eat sums up the importance of nutrition for physical and mental health o what you eat affects how you look how they feel and how likely they are to get sick or even die o Tends to fall by the wayside o Developing career put all time into that etc Other health issues Exercise Sleep Smoking o Shitty sleep Alcohol use o This age group is most likely to smoke than any other o Smoking is leading preventable cause of death in this age group o Peaks in emerging adulthood o Binge drinking drinking and driving HIV infection drug use o College o Risky drinking consuming more than 14 drinks a week or 4 drinks on any single day for men and 7 drinks a week or 3 drinks on any single day for women Relationships and Health Social relationships vital to health and well being o Social integration active engagement in a broad range of social relationships activities and roles Social networks can influence emotional well being as well as participation in healthful behaviors such as exercising eating nutritiously and refraining from substance use Associated with lower mortality rates 4 Decreases stress levels by having strong social ties o Social support material informational and psychological resources derived from the social network which a person can rely on for help in coping with stress Marriage is a great example tend to be healthier physically and psychologically Marriage and Health Marriage has health benefits especially for men Married people especially in young adulthood tend to be healthier than those who are single divorced never married widowed etc Married people especially husbands are more likely to be obese Mental Health Paradox most emerging adults mental health and well being improve and problem behaviors diminish Yet at the same time the incidence of psychological disorders increases for conditions such as major depression schizophrenia and bipolar disorder o What brings about this pardox Transition brings an end to structured years of high school and gives freedom to make life decisions and choose diverse paths This is often liberating but the responsibility to rely on oneself and to become financially self supporting can be overwhelming Some mental health disorders have a genetic component which is signaled to occur in early adulthood Stressors of being out on one s own and making own decisions can influence mental health problems o Alcoholism chronic disease involving dependence on use of alcohol causing interference with normal functioning and fulfillment of obligations o drug use and abuse marijuana is by far the most popular illicit drug among emerging adults 20 of substance users have mood disorders o Depression gradually Between ages 15 22 the incidence of depression increases Depressive mood an extended period of sadness 5 Depressive syndrome extended period of sadness along with a variety of other symptoms such as crying feeling worthless or hopeless Major Depressive Disorder most serious and requires medical intervention depressed or irritable moods for most of the day everyday show reduced interest in and enjoyment of previously pleasurable activities often gain or lost significant amounts of weight have difficulty sleeping too little or too much often show a variety of cognitive biases and maladaptive recurrent thoughts Adult onset depression tend to have had low levels of childhood risk factors and to possess more resources to deal with challenges of emerging adulthood but the sudden decline in structure and support that accompanies adult life may throw them off course Adolescents who are depressed and whose depression carries over into adulthood tend to have had significant childhood risk factors such as neurological or development disorders dysfunctional or unstable families and childhood behavioral disorders Sexual Behavior and Attitudes Less adults are waiting to have sex until marriage 75 have had premarital sex by age 20 95 by age 44 Compared to older age groups emerging adults o Tend to have more sexual partners than in older age groups o Have sex less frequently o Have more casual sex especially in college o Sexual assault is also major problem o Most are clear on their sexual identity
View Full Document
Unlocking...