AMH2020 Midterm Study Guide Slave Life Resistance and America s Great Divide 1800 1865 Slave Society in the South US constitution 1787 o 3 5 Compromise Delayed the end of the slave triangle Fugitive slave returns Slaves escaped to the north must be returned to the south immediately Slave Society v Society with Slaves o South o North Slavery was fundamental to their culture and economy Cotton labor intensive cash crops needed slaves for all this Slavery was present but not necessary for maintaining way of life Industrial work Cotton Kingdom o Cotton Gin s in the south In 1800 they were exporting 73 00 bales In 1850 they were exporting over 2 million bales of cotton More Labor more slaves That 1 dominated the south the rest were poor South Slave Owners o 80 did not own slaves o 19 owned approx 5 Slaves o 1 owned 50 Slaves Conditions of Slave Life o North v South o Urban v Rural o Benevolence of owner o Time period 1800 0k 1850 Bad o Based on Gang Labor o Overseers o Typed of Control Plantation Life Slave Resistance o Individual Resistance Physical punishment mental abuse sexual control Shirking breaking tools playing dumb o Organized resistance Underground railroad 1830 1860 Harriett Tubman lead 13 missions from the south to the north Slave Revolts o Greater legal restrictions placed on slaves No Education outlawed abolition societies o Haiti in the 1970 s Outcome is a stratified society Civil war 250 years o Gabriel s Rebellion Virginia 1799 1800 Plans leaked ill fated attempt eventually hung o Denmark Vesey o Nat Turner Purchases freedom plans leaked executed Virginia 1831 Different Religious duty to free the black and kill the whites Frees 70 and kills 55 Controversial because it takes revolutionary violence Turner was eventually hung beheaded and quartered Anti Slavery Society 1833 The South s response Christ o Slavery is not that bad They often talk about religion or the word of Slavery Outlawed in North 1780 1804 Wilmont Provision o 1864 o Provisions tacked on to a bill o It s calling for a ban on the expansion of slavery in western territories o Doesn t pass but gets the topic out there Compromise of 1850 o Slave trade in Washington DC must end o Fugitive Slave Act is strengthened and becomes a federally protected act Kansas Nebraska Act o Kansas and Nebraska want to become territories Will slavery be permitted Verdict Slavery in these territories should be left to Popular Sovereignty People should decide for themselves Dredd Scott v Sandford o 1856 o Supreme Court claims that people of African Descent that are imported to the US slaves all blacks and their unborn kids are not to be protected under the US constitution Can t become citizens NO RIGHTS Congress can t abolish slavery Slaves can t sue or be taken away from their owners Brooks Sumner Affair o 1856 o Radical abolitionists who talks shit about those proposing the kans beb Act o He makes fun of a stroke victim and then is beaten with a cane The Slave Power Comes North The Civil War Personal Liberty Law o Opposes the Fugitive Slave Act Manifest Destiny and Americans 19th Century Clashes with Mexico o Republic of Texas Texas Revolution 1835 1836 Rep of Texas 1836 1845 A lot of animosity between Mexicans and Texans o Santa Anna Issued 7 new laws in 1835 His land is being intruded Focuses on centralizing Mexican gov t Santa Anna would choose gov t officials no voting o Battle of the Alamo Mexico and Texas rebel against eachother Santa Anna invades and kills all Texians in the area 200 people Santa Anna is finally defeated by Sam Crocher in 1836 o Mexican American War 1846 1848 Manifest Destiny Americans are destined to expand across the continent Justified by the coming of the Mexican American War Used be Democrats for expansionary policies o Spot Resolution dying slavery Lincoln demands to know where American troops were Fear across the north was that Texas was being used to expand o Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Us acquires territory TX CA AZ NM CO UT Mexican land grants to be respected This further divides North and South The Emergence of Lincoln In 1854 awakens with the Kansas Nebraska Act Elected to House of Reps in 1890s Driven by moral conscience Moral opposition case o In 1854 he speaks up against popular sovereignty Federal gov t needs to take a stand against the expansion of slavery Actively engages in battle strategies The Lincoln Douglass Debate o Douglass Force behind the Kans Neb act o A series of senate debates for the Illinois senate seat o About the expansion of slavery o Douglas calls Lincoln and Abolitionists gets nothing done radical o Lincoln claims that Douglas is part of a national conspiracy to nationalize slavery o Douglas wins narrowly and becomes Senator o This raises the publics awareness of Lincoln o Makes him a variable candidate for rep of presidency Election of 1860 o Splits the northern and southern democrats o Lincoln won The Secession Crisis o 7 southern states secede before Lincoln came to power o South Caroline lead the secession o The reason for the Civil War Slavery was the underlying issue o Lincoln rejects the legality of secession He refuse to recognize the Confederacy as a country If it gets recognized it will become a victory Civil war was to preserve the union Civil War War to Save the Union o Not just an issue of slavery o When the war started it was not just about freeing the slaves it was about preserving the union Fort Sumter first shoot o Military ft in South Carolina o Union possession part of the confederacy o Ft is surrendered and evacuated by 1860 o Victory for union but war has officially started Winfield Scott o Longest serving active duty general o Briefly named head of all union forces Anaconda Plan o Outlined by Scott o Emphasized the blockade of southern ports o Many in the north view it as too passive we need to strangle their economy o Many parts implemented in civil war strategy Test of Battle Bull Run o July 1861 o First Major war o Strong union march toward confederate capital of Richmond Virgina o Union had weaker forces than the Confederates o Confederate Victory Paying for the war o Income Taxes 1861 1862 o Switched to paper money as a form of credit in 1862 o Bonds were common in the north and south to raise funds Behind Confederate Lines o Defensive Strategy Independence from Union o Does not require the total defeat of the union Behind Union Lines o Northerners want to preserve the union so it requires total defeat of confederate forces Shiloh o Union
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