Final Review Guide REL1300 Final Review Guide Mike Graziano Ahura Mazda highest deity of zorastionism good god Ahriman evil deity of Zorastionism Dualism 2 opposing forces for Zorastionism it is Ahura and Ahriman Role of Aryans they had a migratory lifestyle a lot of ideas and beliefs that are common with Zorastionism The Avesta the holy text of zorastionism it is also a great source of their history It is relatively new because it was written much later than Zoroaster so it is not accurate Persia Free the Jewish from Babylon Cyrus did it The Old Testament is being written under the Persians which shaped the way it was written a lot of Cyrus praise Yahweh the Jewish deity Covenant with Yahweh they are the chosen people by Yahweh Yahweh agreed to protect them as long as they worshiped him as their one true god The TaNaK the Hebrew bible the Old Testament means law prophets and writings Canon there was dispute as to what should and should not be canon or legitimized It was important because it had real world consequences paying taxes Translation the Septuagint is a Greek translation of the Hebrew bible by 70 people and it was all the same the Leningrad Codex was the oldest copy of the ToNaK Source Criticism when you look at the TaNaK as a historical text people in history named books of bible after people they liked so its not accurate Enoch canonical is some churches and inspired in others It breaks off from Genesis The story god sent angels down and they mated with humans making hybrids These things were killing people so god flooded the earth It does not explain this in Genesis it just mentions briefly but Enoch explains it Enoch explains the flood differently Yahweh messed up it Early Jewish scholars most likely took it out of the bible because they didn t want god to look like he messed up Septuagint a Greek translation of the Jewish Bible 70 people translated it and they all came up with the same thing It is important because it is in Greek When Jesus quotes stuff from bible it was from the Septuagint the Final Review Guide Dead Sea Scrolls was discovered by kids and their mom used them as a fire starter The scrolls were the earliest copies of the biblical books that were still in the process of being edited was amazing because it provided sources of how the Hebrew bible was written It Babylonian Captivity they take a lot of Jewish people as prisoners and Jerusalem including the first temple that they if the only place they can make sacrifices at is destroyed First and Second Temple The first temple was destroyed and they believed that god literally lived in there Since there is not longer a king in the temple they began writing stuff down The second temple is also destroyed which is where Hanukkah stems from because they only enough oil for the light for 1 night but it lasted 8 had Monolatry recognition of many gods but worship of only one Roman Empire they play a big role with second temple Judaism and Jesus because they are the group that is in power at the time Sadducees elite temple priest their power comes from the ability to maintain sacrifices in the temple to please Yahweh They begin working with the Romans to keep them please but the Jewish people view them as traitors Pharisees They rejected Hellenization translate Hebrew to Aramaic they were the few that could read Hebrew which is the source of their power With the destruction of the temple the Pharisees get to take over because The Sadducees have no more power responsibility Jesus following Jews they are Christians but some still followed Jewish law This is when Christianity and Judaism began to split Synagogue where the Jewish prayed Rabbinic Judaism develops after the second temple is destroyed The Sadducees are in charge in the temple become powerless when the temple is destroyed Pharisees temple is The Pharisees then become in charge Out of the Pharisees come the Rabbis The were apart of the hierarchy system but when the hierarchy crumbles because destroyed people who were born to be Pharisees are just Rabbi s The Messiah Jesus was not the only person claiming to be the messiah John the Baptist was also known to be worshiped as the messiah Messiah means anointed one Some people did not believe that Jesus was the messiah because the messiah was supposed to rebuild the temple gather the Jews back to Israel and bring about world peace So the Jews who followed Jesus had a hard time defending their claim Final Review Guide Council of Jerusalem 2 schools of thought Judaizers conservative they want to keep Christianity under Judaism and not a separate religion led by the brother of Jesus James Hellenists liberals led by Paul He does not care what religion people are and says influence Accepting non Jewish ideas can be Christian he wants Judaism and Christianity to be separate To be open to anyone outside The have the council of Jerusalem this is where Judaism and Christianity split Certain parts of the law now don t apply to Jesus following Jews some still followed it Gentiles non Jews didn t follow most of the law They didn t follow circumcision or keeping kosher Paul wins and becomes the next important leader of Christianity Paul He makes 2 political choices means 1 Hellenization that Christians need to adopt foreign customs influences he we have to reject parts of Jewish law if Christianity is going to sustain itself 2 Focus on death of Jesus the focus used to be on his life but Paul decides to on his death and what his death means he is the ultimate blood sacrifice focus Paul is thought to have been the second founder of Christianity He was born a Pharisee a textual expert He is more liberal and travels to recruit Christian Canonical Gospels the historical authors are not known Q Source Matthew and Luke use Mark and the Q source to write their gospels it had to be some sort of source that has quotes of Jesus It was filled with things that Jesus said Christianity Gnosticism the world does not matter it is evil the spirit is good They believe that Yahweh is evil and so is the Old Testament Circumcision From a Gnostic point of view Yahweh created humans foreskin in the physical world doesn t mean anything because of world Gnostics would rather a spiritual circumcision flawed cutting it is in the physical source is also a book of Jesus saying most likely A large part of Q source Gospel of Thomas a book of Jesus saying that was discovered It led to the realization that the Q comes from Thomas Gospels the first one
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