Brain and Nervous System Study Guide Questions 1 What is the most complex thing in the universe 2 What is the nervous system composed of 3 What type of cells support neurons 4 How much does the brain weigh 5 What hemisphere of the brain deals with language and mathematical tasks 6 What do more ridges and crevices mean relative to intellectuality 7 Is the intellectual capacity related to the brain size to body ratio or just brain size 8 What do MRI and PET acronyms for What is the difference 9 Are the amounts of neurons you are born with the amount you are stuck with 10 The Brain contains neurons and glial cells True False 11 Label 12 How many lobes does the cerebrum have Name them and list their functions 13 What are the functions of the cerebellum 14 What are the functions of the pons 15 What does the Medulla Oblongata control 16 Do all nerve fibers that communicate between the brain and spinal cord pass through the medulla Oblongata 17 Damage to the occipital lobe would most likely be expressed as what 18 What are the qualities of a left brained person A right brained person 19 What is the Corpus Callosum 20 What is released in response to an action potential 21 What neuron does the talking and what neuron does the listening 22 Where are vesicles stored 23 Explain Inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters The primary excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system The primary inhibitory transmitter in the central nervous system Major inhibitory transmitter in the brainstem and spinal cord GABA Glutamate Glycine 25 Describe the following biogenic amines Epinepherine norepinephrine Dopamine serotonin gasses opiates Peptides and Lipids 24 Match 26 What are the brains natural pain relievers 27 Label the sclera cornea Iris pupil lens optic nerve retina and fovea 28 What is the path of light order 29 What are rods What are cones 30 Name the 3 small bones in the ear 31 What is the cochlea 32 What is the path of sound in the auditory system 33 Where are sensory receptors located for gustation 34 What are the five categories of taste 35 What is declarative memory and non declarative memory 36 What does short term memory involve 37 What does long term memory involve 38 What type of memory do people with Amnesia have trouble with 39 Damage to what area of the brain would impair speaking and comprehending a language 40 What is Broca aphasia 41 When do dreams occur 42 What is repaired in Non REM sleep 43 Describe the Reticular activating system 44 What part of the nervous system is triggered by stress and what is released 45 What is the neuroendocrine system 46 Can Drug abuse alter the structure and chemical makeup of the brain 47 What is the relation between abused drugs and neurotransmitters 48 What is in the ventral tegmental area 49 What neurotransmitters does alcohol affect 50 How does crack cocaine enter the body 51 What receptors does nicotine act through And what does it stimulate 52 What is the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks 53 What does marijuana distort 54 What is the active ingredient in Marijuana 55 Marijuana has THC as the active ingredient activates the cannabinoid receptor can interfere with short term memory may be useful in treatment of eating disorders nausea and chronic pain True or False 56 What do Cannabinoid receptors normally bind to 57 Opiates cause Euphoria by increasing the amount of what 58 Name some club drugs Describe them 59 What happens during a stroke 60 What are some symptoms of Alzheimer s 61 What is Parkinson s characterized by 62 What is Huntington s disease caused by 63 What is a phobia 64 Describe bipolar disorder schizophrenia and OCD Brain and Nervous System Study Guide Answers 1 The Human Brain 2 It is composed of neurons that conduct impulses 3 Glial cells that support the neurons 4 The Brain weighs 3 pounds 5 The left hemisphere 6 The ridges and crevices become more frequent in higher intellectual animals 7 The intellectual capacity is related to the brain size body ratio 8 MRI magnetic resonance imaging uses magnets to make serial sections of the brain PET positron emission topography is used for examining attention memory and neurological disorders 9 No neural stem cells create new neurons 10 True 11 12 There are four lobes Frontal lobe Voluntary motor control personality concentration planning decision making Parietal lobe Interpretation of somatesthetic sensations cutaneous and muscle Expression of thoughts into words interpretation of textures and shapes Temporal lobe Interpretation of auditory sensations memory of auditory and visual experiences allows you to connect the sounds of someone s voice with their face and language Occipital lobe Perception of vision correlation of vision with previous visual experiences allows you to recognize something even if you haven t seen it before i e seeing a rocking chair for the first time and knowing it s a chair 13 The cerebellum controls motor learning and proper timing and force of limb movements 14 The pons regulates breathing and is a source of cranial nerves 15 The medulla oblongata controls breathing heart rate and blood pressure 16 Yes 17 Visual impairment 20 Neurotransmitters 22 In the synaptic terminal fire an action potential 24 Match 18 Left brained good with math calculations and language Right brained good with music shapes maps 19 The corpus callosum is a bundle of axons that connect the right and left hemispheres and allows for intra hemispheric communication 21 The pre synaptic does the talking and the postsynaptic does the listening 23 Inhibitory reduce the probability the postsynaptic neuron will fire an action potential Excitatory Increase the probability the postsynaptic neuron will The primary excitatory transmitter in the central nervous system The primary inhibitory transmitter in the central nervous system Major inhibitory transmitter in the brainstem and spinal cord GABA Glutamate Glycine 25 Epinepherine Otherwise known as adrenaline Released by the adrenal glands in response to flight or fight situations Increases heart rate blood pressure metabolism rate and depth of breathing Norepinephrine Used by both the CNS and PNS Also involved in fight or flight responses Involved in arousal affected by amphetamines such as Adderall Target of some antidepressant drugs which increases norepinephrine Dopamine Dopamine has two major systems Nigrostriatal dopamine system involved in motor control This pathway degenerates in Parkinson s Disease Mesolimbic dopamine system
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