BSC1005 Study Guide for Dr Erickson s Exam 4 Paleontologist Someone who studies ancient organisms Paleobiology The study of ancient life First written dinosaur accounts were from China Scrotum Humanum KNOW PICTURE first proper scientific name given to dinosaur was actually the thigh bone Cuvier Credited for considering animals can and have gone extinct Iguanodon First named plant herbivorous dinosaur Early renditions were reptile like Richard Owen First to coin the name dinosauria Fearfully great reptiles Megalosaurus First named dinosaur Dinosaurs are closely related to crocodiles and pterosaurs What makes a dinosaur a dinosaur features o Three or more sacral vertebrae o Hands with three main fingers o Perforate Acetabulae Hip bones distinguish between two types of dinosaurs o Ornithischians Bird Hips o Saurischians Lizard Hips Deinonychus Started the Dinosaur Renaissance Robert Bakker Greatly expanded the Deionychus and interest of dinosaur research soared Age of Dinosaurs 238 65 5 million years ago Find dinosaur remains MOST LIKELY in sedimentary rocks Find dinosaur remains SOMETIMES in igneous rocks Find dinosaur remains LEAST LIKELY in metamorphic rocks Isotope Used to determine age of fossils o Best Isotope Uranium 235 comes from ashes from lava turns into lead which leads to dating Climate was much warmer Florida was like a desert Poles were cool wet and rainy Continents were together in Triassic Period Pangea later separated Plate Tectonics Who lived with the Dinosaurs o Crocodiles Turtles lived with the dinosaurs KNOW PICTURE If it looks like a FSU found Crocodile s bite is 3700 pounds of bite force o Sea Monsters also lived with the dinosaurs ie Loch Ness Monster a Plesiosaur crocodile head it is not a Dino o Rats and opossums lived with dinosaurs Trace Fossils Tracks eggs skin impressions Primary means by which paleontologists learn about dinosaur biology Because Trace Fossils we know dinosaurs did not drag their tails Badlands are the best place to find fossils Ornithischians Bird shaped hip bones beaks to eat plants Left side of Cladogram All early Dinosaurs are small Thyreophora Shield bearer Endocast Sediments filled brain cavity lets us know the size of dinosaur brain Field started in GEOLOGY crazy stories now Biologist are in the field Cepapodans Gap between the front and back teeth Heterodontosaurs Dog like teeth We do not know the sex of dinosaurs o But we do know there are size differences Sexual Dimorphism o We also do not know the color of dinosaurs Dinosaurs are land animals Battery Interlocked teeth o Enamel on one side hard tissue on other self sharpener Hadrosaurs Duck Bills actually land animals even though they were thought to be able to live under water o Had a snorkel but didn t have a hole Marginocephalia Rim of bone on skull to shield neck o Pachycephalosaurid Used front and side of skull Ceratopsians Beak shaped like parrot Protoceratops Found with nests filled with eggs o Oviraptors Also found around the Protoceratops eggs and were thought to be stealing the eggs and eating them however they were eating their OWN eggs KNOW PICTURE Hard to tell what the picture depicts only of skull Pachyrhinosaur Theory that they had the largest horn Saurischians Pubis points inward like lizard hips long neck Sauropod Earth Shakers nostril trunk on top of head o Diplodocid Supersaurus 140 feet long won t fit in Ruby Diamond would be by owls Brontosaurus Actually first named Apatosaurus Soroposeidon Tallest dinosaur 56 feet tall Theropod Air filled bones carnivorous teeth Ceratosaurs Spitters from Jurassic Park first to have thought to eaten lizards but they were crocodiles Segnosaurs Ate plants scissor hands Ornithomimosaurs Ostrich body fastest dinosaurs Deinonychosaurs Had cat claws retractable and 2 toes Trodotontids Smartest huge brains Encephalization quotients Measure to brain size relative to body mass T Rex Picture should have 2 fingers with tail UP Couldn t run only walked fast Picture that looks like testicles in the head are used for SMELL Dinosaurs grew faster than reptiles like marsupials 3 Theories to death of dinosaurs o Vulcanisms Volcanoes o Draining of the sea o Asteroid hitting Gulf of Mexico Doesn t explain why some things survived 40 80 of all life died not just dinosaurs Archaopteryx Ancient Wing First bird Birds are actually Theropods Dinosaurs had feathers and some had wings Smallest dinosaur was 7 oz Dinosaurs Iguanodon First named plant herbivorous dinosaur Megalosaurus First named dinosaur Deinonychus Started the Dinosaur Renaissance Ornithischians Bird shaped hip bones beaks to eat plants Left side of Cladogram Heterodontosaurs Dog like teeth Hadrosaurs Duck Bills actually land animals even though they were thought to be able to live Thyreophora Shield bearer Cepapodans Gap between the front and back teeth under water o Had a snorkel but didn t have a hole Marginocephalia Rim of bone on skull to shield neck o Pachycephalosaurid Used front and side of skull Ceratopsians Beak shaped like parrot Protoceratops Found with nests filled with eggs o Oviraptors Also found around the Protoceratops eggs and were thought to be stealing the eggs and eating them however they were eating their OWN eggs KNOW PICTURE Hard to tell what the picture depicts only of skull Pachyrhinosaur Theory that they had the largest horn Saurischians Pubis points inward like lizard hips long neck Sauropod Earth Shakers nostril trunk on top of head o Diplodocid Supersaurus 140 feet long won t fit in Ruby Diamond would be by owls Brontosaurus Actually first named Apatosaurus Soroposeidon Tallest dinosaur 56 feet tall Theropod Air filled bones carnivorous teeth Ceratosaurs Spitters from Jurassic Park first to have thought to eaten lizards but they were crocodiles Segnosaurs Ate plants scissor hands Ornithomimosaurs Ostrich body fastest dinosaurs Deinonychosaurs Had cat claws retractable and 2 toes Trodotontids Smartest huge brains T Rex Picture should have 2 fingers with tail UP Couldn t run only walked fast Archaopteryx Ancient Wing First bird Look over the Cladogram characteristic questions about dinosaurs will be found using the Cladogram at the back of the book You will get one to use for the exam
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