EXAM 4 ABNORMAL PSYCH Learning Objectives for Section 4 Topic VIII What are Schizophrenic Disorders their causes and treatments Readings for this topic include all of Chapter 13 1 Know all KEY TERMS Prodromal Phase precedes the active phase and is marked by an obvious deterioration in role functioning as a student employee or homemaker etc Residual Phase follows the active phase of schizo and is defined by signs and symptoms that are similar in many respect to those in the prodromal phase Most dramatic symptoms include impoverished expression of emotions Positive Symptoms AKA psychotic symptoms include hallucinations and delusions Characterized by the presence of an aberrant response hearing voice that is not there Hallucinations sensory experiences that are not caused by actual external stimuli Most often auditory Delusions idiosyncratic beliefs that are rigidly held in spite of their nature False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality Negative symptoms include lack of initiative social withdrawal and deficits in emotional responding Characterized by absence of response Blunted Affect AKA affective flattening one of the most common symptoms involves a flattening or restriction of the person s nonverbal display of emotional responses Fail to show emotion Anhedonia emotional deficit which refers to the inability to experience pleasure Lack of positive subjective feelings People lose interest in activities and relationships Avolition the withdrawal seen among many schizo patients is accompanied by indecisiveness ambivalence and loss of willpower Person stops working towards personal goals or to function independently Alogia form of speech disturbance which refers to impoverished thinking AKA speechlessness Disorganized Speech involves the tendency of some patients to say things that don t make sense Making irrelevant responses to questions expressing disconnected ideas AKA thought disorder Inappropriate Affect involves affective responses that are obvi inconsistent with the person s situation Incongruity and lack of adaptability in emotional expression Catatonic type characterized by symptoms of motor immobility rigidity and posturing or excessive and purposeless motor activity Decreased awareness of environment Disorganized type characterized by disorganized speech disorganized behavior and flat or inappropriate affect All 3 must be present for diagnosis Paranoid type systematic delusions with grandiose content Preoccupation with frequent auditory hallucinations Undifferentiated type includes patients who display prominent psychotic symptoms and either meet the criteria for several subtypes or do not meet any of the subtypes Residual Type includes patients who no longer meet the criteria for active phase symptoms but demonstrate continued signs of negative symptoms or attenuated forms of delusions hallucinations or disorganized speech Partial remission Schizoaffective Disorder an ambiguous and somewhat controversial category Describes symptoms of patients who fall b t schizo and mood disorder with psychotic features that least Delusional Disorder people do not meet the full criteria for schizo but they are preoccupied for at least 1 month with delusions that are not bizarre Beliefs about situations could occur in real life Brief Psychotic Disorder category that includes those people who exhibit psychotic symptoms delusions hallucinations disorganized speech disorganized behaviors for at 1 day but no more than 1 month Typically followed by confusion and emotional turmoil Expressed Emotion EE concept that refers to a collection of negative or intrusive attitudes sometimes displayed by relatives of patients who are being treated for a disorder over involved If at least one of the patient s relatives is hostile critical or emotionally the family environment typically is considered high in express emotion Vulnerability Marker a specific measure that might be useful in identifying people who are vulnerable to disorder such as schizo tests exams etc Antipsychotic Drugs effect is to reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms 2 What are the general characteristics of schizophrenia What is its impact on patients their families and society What are the 3 phases of schizophrenia Ch 13 6th ED pg 394 397 Custom pg 458 461 The common symptoms of schizo include changes in the way a person thinks feels and related to other people and the outside world Often defined by various combos of psychotic symptoms in the absence of other forms of disturbance such as mood disorders substance dependence and dementia Devastating disorder for both patients and families Disrupt aspects of life well beyond the psychotic symptoms For people who develop schizo if often has dramatic and lasting impact on their quality of life in terms of their own subjective satistication and their ability to get an education hold a job and develop social relationships 10 commit suicide For family members the consequences can be cruel Most come to grips with the fact that their son daughter bro sister has severe disorder and must change life forever Shock devastation In society schizo is the 2nd leading cause of disease burden Most people never recover society with schizo completely and many become homeless because help is not available Indirect costs to include loss of productivity and unemployment In US financial costs associated were 63 billion in 2002 The onset of schizo occurs during childhood Ages 15 35 risk for 1st episode Very few experience episode after 55 Problems of most patients can be divided into 3 phases of unpredictable duration 1 Prodromal 2 Active 3 Residual Precedes active phase and marked by obvi deterioration in role functioning and student employee homemaker etc Viewed as change in person s personality Talking to self in public outburst of anger tension restlessness Symptoms such as hallucinations delusions disorganized speech follows active phase symptoms and signs common to prodromal phase most dramatic symptoms have improved but person continues to be impaired Negative symptoms such as lack of expression of emotions 3 What are the 3 dimensions into which the symptoms of schizophrenia have been divided what are symptoms of each and how do these dimensions differ from one another Ch 13 6 th ED pg 397 402 Custom pg 461 466 1 Positive Symptoms AKA psychotic symptoms include hallucinations and elusions Include a presence of some sort hearing voice that is not there Hallucinations sensory
View Full Document
Unlocking...